Marrow Adiposity Content and Composition Are Not Associated With Incident Fragility Fractures in Postmenopausal Women: The ADIMOS Fracture Study.

CONTEXT

Noninvasive measurement of bone marrow adipose tissue using magnetic resonance imaging and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) may enhance clinical fractures prediction in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the association between PDFF measurements and clinical fracture incidence.

METHODS

A longitudinal study was conducted. Postmenopausal women with recent osteoporotic fractures (<12 months) and with osteoarthritis without fractures were included. Lumbar spine and proximal femur PDFFs were measured at baseline using water-fat imaging (WFI) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans. Clinical fractures were recorded during follow-up.

RESULTS

Among 195 participants (mean age 67.4 ± 10.0 years, body mass index 27.2 ± 5.9 kg/m²), the PDFF (WFI-based) was higher at the proximal femur, particularly at the femoral head (90.0% ± 4.9%), compared to the lumbar spine (57.8% ± 9.6%). Over a mean follow-up period of 37.2 ± 11.6 months, 7 participants died, 29 (14.9%) experienced incident clinical fractures, and 1 was lost to follow-up. The lack of an association between WFI-based PDFFs and the incidence of clinical fractures was demonstrated regardless of the region of measurement (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95 [95% CI 0.67-1.35], = 0.77 at the lumbar spine, HR = 1.07 [95% CI 0.71-1.63], = 0.74 at the femoral neck). Stepwise regression analysis did not alter these findings, and the variable "recent osteoporotic fractures" was found to be significantly associated with incident clinical fractures.

CONCLUSION

This study found no evidence of a relationship between PDFF and clinical fracture incidence in postmenopausal women. Further studies are necessary involving larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods.