Ahmady Farah, Sharma Amit, Achuthan Adrian A, Kannourakis George, Luwor Rodney B
Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia.
Federation University, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia.
Cells. 2025 Feb 27;14(5):346. doi: 10.3390/cells14050346.
Several immunoregulatory or immune checkpoint receptors including T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) have been implicated in glioblastoma progression. Rigorous investigation over the last decade has elucidated TIM-3 as a key player in inhibiting immune cell activation and several key associated molecules have been identified both upstream and downstream that mediate immune cell dysfunction mechanistically. However, despite several reviews being published on other immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 in the glioblastoma setting, no such extensive review exists that specifically focuses on the role of TIM-3 in glioblastoma progression and immunosuppression. Here, we critically summarize the current literature regarding TIM-3 expression as a prognostic marker for glioblastoma, its expression profile on immune cells in glioblastoma patients and the exploration of anti-TIM-3 agents in glioblastoma pre-clinical models for potential clinical application.
包括T细胞免疫球蛋白和粘蛋白结构域3（TIM-3）在内的几种免疫调节或免疫检查点受体与胶质母细胞瘤的进展有关。在过去十年中，经过严格研究已阐明TIM-3是抑制免疫细胞激活的关键因素，并且已经在机制上确定了几个介导免疫细胞功能障碍的上下游关键相关分子。然而，尽管在胶质母细胞瘤背景下已经发表了几篇关于其他免疫检查点分子（如PD-1和CTLA-4）的综述，但尚未有专门针对TIM-3在胶质母细胞瘤进展和免疫抑制中的作用的广泛综述。在此，我们批判性地总结了目前关于TIM-3表达作为胶质母细胞瘤预后标志物的文献、其在胶质母细胞瘤患者免疫细胞上的表达谱以及在胶质母细胞瘤临床前模型中探索抗TIM-3药物以用于潜在临床应用的情况。
