Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
Chemosphere. 2022 Dec;308(Pt 2):136368. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136368. Epub 2022 Sep 8.
Wastewater from diverse industrial sectors, agricultural practices and other household activities causes water pollution that result in different environmental issues. The main goals of wastewater treatment are typically to enhance the purity of wastewater and to enable the disposal of domestic and industrial effluents without endangering human health or causing excessive environmental issues. There were several natural and synthetic materials which have been utilized for wastewater treatment, amongst them polymers gain more importance due to their non-toxicity, economic feasibility, abundant availability of sources, renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, etc. The organic polymers such as cellulose, chitin, gelatin, alginates, lignin, dextran and other starch derivatives are the most commonly used natural polymers in wastewater treatments. The unique physical and chemical characteristics of the natural polymers make them become an alternative in wastewater treatments such as membrane filtration, adsorption, coagulation, flocculation and ion-exchange process to remove harmful contaminants such as toxic metals, dyes, medicines, pesticides, and so on. The review article discusses natural polymers and related uses in wastewater treatment. This review mainly focused on the wastewater treatment using natural polymers and the techniques involved for their extraction from natural sources. The recent trends in polymer extraction from the natural sources and the scope for the future research of natural polymers in various sectors are also discussed in detail.
来自不同工业部门、农业实践和其他家庭活动的废水导致水污染，从而导致各种环境问题。废水处理的主要目标通常是提高废水的纯度，并能够处理生活污水和工业废水，而不会危害人类健康或造成过多的环境问题。已经有几种天然和合成材料被用于废水处理，其中聚合物由于其无毒、经济可行性、丰富的来源、可再生性、生物相容性、可生物降解性等特点而变得更加重要。纤维素、壳聚糖、明胶、藻酸盐、木质素、葡聚糖和其他淀粉衍生物等有机聚合物是废水处理中最常用的天然聚合物。天然聚合物独特的物理和化学特性使它们成为膜过滤、吸附、混凝、絮凝和离子交换等废水处理过程的替代品，以去除有毒金属、染料、药物、农药等有害污染物。本文综述了天然聚合物及其在废水处理中的相关用途。本文主要集中于利用天然聚合物进行废水处理，以及从天然资源中提取天然聚合物所涉及的技术。还详细讨论了从天然资源中提取聚合物的最新趋势以及天然聚合物在各个领域未来研究的范围。
