Solana-Tramunt Mónica, Bofill-Ródenas Ana, Cabedo Josep, Badiola-Zabala Alesander, Guerra-Balic Myriam
Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08022 Barcelona, Spain.
Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Feb 20;13(5):457. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13050457.
Lumbar range of motion (ROM) is essential to develop effective movements during the underwater undulatory swimming technique. Core exercises are used to improve the strength of the muscles that participate in that technique, and variations in sensory input and attentional focus may modulate neuromuscular responses and impact training outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an 11-week program of repeated maximal lumbar movements with closed eyes and without focused attention on lumbar sagittal ROM in elite swimmers versus executing them solely with proper exercise technique with controlled breathing.
A sample of 57 professional swimmers, including 34 males (20.2 ± 4.2 years) and 23 females (20.7 ± 3.3 yrs), volunteered to complete this study. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups (EG1 and EG2) and one control group (CG). All subjects underwent the same type of training program in parallel with the EG intervention. EG1 and EG2 performed three sets of ten repetitions of lumbar flexion and extension exercises at breathing pace, 6 days a week for 11 weeks. EG1 performed the core workout with closed eyes and focused attention on the lumbar movement, while EG2 only followed the technique of the exercises at a controlled breathing pace. Lumbar flexion (F), extension (E), and total ROM (TROM) were assessed by an electrogoniometer in a seated, relaxed position over a Swiss ball.
Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant differences in the multivariate profiles across groups and over time. F (8, 48) = 3.495, = 0.002. EG1 had non-significant increases in lumbar ROM, EG2 had significant increases in TROM and extension ROM, and CG had no changes.
The results suggest that repeating maximal lumbar movement at a controlled breathing pace, with opened eyes and non-focusing attention on the movement, increases lumbar ROM in the sagittal plane.
腰椎活动度（ROM）对于在水下波动游泳技术中发展有效的动作至关重要。核心训练用于提高参与该技术的肌肉力量，感觉输入和注意力焦点的变化可能会调节神经肌肉反应并影响训练结果。本研究的目的是调查在精英游泳运动员中，一个为期11周的闭眼且不专注于腰椎的重复最大腰椎运动计划与仅以正确的运动技术并控制呼吸来执行该计划相比，对腰椎矢状面ROM的影响。
57名职业游泳运动员参与了本研究，其中包括34名男性（20.2±4.2岁）和23名女性（20.7±3.3岁）。他们被随机分为两个实验组（EG1和EG2）和一个对照组（CG）。所有受试者在进行EG干预的同时接受相同类型的训练计划。EG1和EG2每周6天，以呼吸节奏进行三组，每组十次的腰椎屈伸练习，共11周。EG1闭眼进行核心训练，并专注于腰椎运动，而EG2仅以控制呼吸的节奏遵循练习技术。通过电子角度计在瑞士球上的坐姿放松位置评估腰椎前屈（F）、后伸（E）和总活动度（TROM）。
重复测量方差分析显示，各组间和随时间的多变量分布存在显著差异。F（8, 48）= 3.495，P = 0.002。EG1的腰椎ROM无显著增加，EG2的TROM和后伸ROM有显著增加，CG则无变化。
结果表明，以控制呼吸的节奏重复最大腰椎运动，睁眼且不专注于该运动，可增加矢状面的腰椎ROM。
