Di Simone Simonetta Cristina, Acquaviva Alessandra, Libero Maria Loreta, Nilofar Nilofar, Tunali Fatma, Gabriele Mariachiara, Centulio Angelica Pia, Genovesi Gianluca, Ciaramellano Davide, Recinella Lucia, Leone Sheila, Brunetti Luigi, Zengin Gokhan, Orlando Giustino, Menghini Luigi, Chiavaroli Annalisa, Ferrante Claudio
Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey.
Foods. 2025 Mar 6;14(5):896. doi: 10.3390/foods14050896.
Medicinal plants and natural compounds have been considered alternative therapeutic options for counteracting postmenopausal disorders thanks to their different concomitant effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and the regulation of hormone activity. It is important to highlight that the efficacy of medicinal plants and natural compounds increases when used in combination, thus making the development of herbal formulations rational. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of an innovative formulation consisting of resveratrol and water extracts from , , , and . The phenolic composition and radical scavenger properties were evaluated using chromatographic and colorimetric (ABTS) methods, whilst the limits of biocompatibility were assessed through allelopathy, the (brine shrimp) lethality test, and cardiotoxicity assay. The protective effects were evaluated on C2C12 cell lines exposed to the pro-oxidant stimulus, which consisted of hydrogen peroxide. The gene expression of estrogen 1 (ESR1, also known as ERα) and prolactin (PRLR) receptors, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) was measured. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that the main phytochemicals were hydroxycinnamic and phenolic acids, in particular coumaric acid (7.53 µg/mL) and rosmarinic acid (6.91 µg/mL), respectively. This could explain the radical scavenger effect observed from the 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. According to the ecotoxicological models' results, the formulation was revealed to be non-toxic, with a LC value > 1 mg/mL. Therefore, a biocompatible concentration range (200-1000 µg/mL) was used in C2C12 cells, where the formulation blunted the hydrogen peroxide-induced upregulation of TNFα, IL-6, RANKL, ESR1, and PRLR. Overall, the results of this study corroborate the use of the formulation for facing the oxidative stress and inflammation, which forms the basis of the osteoclastogenic process.
药用植物和天然化合物因其不同的协同作用，包括抗氧化和抗炎特性以及激素活性调节，被视为对抗绝经后疾病的替代治疗选择。需要强调的是，药用植物和天然化合物联合使用时疗效会增强，因此开发草药配方是合理的。因此，本研究旨在评估一种由白藜芦醇以及来自[此处缺失植物名称]、[此处缺失植物名称]、[此处缺失植物名称]和[此处缺失植物名称]的水提取物组成的创新配方的植物化学和药理特性。使用色谱法和比色法（ABTS）评估酚类成分和自由基清除特性，同时通过化感作用、卤虫致死试验和斑马鱼心脏毒性试验评估生物相容性限度。对暴露于由过氧化氢组成的促氧化刺激的C2C12细胞系评估其保护作用。检测雌激素1（ESR1，也称为ERα）和催乳素（PRLR）受体、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNFα）以及核因子κB受体激活剂配体（RANKL）的基因表达。植物化学分析结果表明，主要植物化学物质为羟基肉桂酸和酚酸，特别是香豆酸（7.53μg/mL）和迷迭香酸（6.91μg/mL）。这可以解释在2,2-联氮双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）试验中观察到的自由基清除作用。根据生态毒理学模型的结果，该配方显示无毒，LC值>1mg/mL。因此，在C2C12细胞中使用生物相容性浓度范围（200-1000μg/mL），该配方可减弱过氧化氢诱导的TNFα、IL-6、RANKL、ESR1和PRLR的上调。总体而言，本研究结果证实了该配方可用于应对氧化应激和炎症，而氧化应激和炎症是破骨细胞生成过程的基础。
