Peresztegi Míra Zsófia, Szakács Zsolt, Vereczkei Zsófia, Dakó Eszter, Dakó Sarolta, Lada Szilvia, Lemes Klára, Holczer Miklós, Farkas Nelli, Bajor Judit
Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
Nutrients. 2025 Feb 25;17(5):788. doi: 10.3390/nu17050788.
: The Mediterranean diet (MD) reduces cardiovascular risk, which is higher in celiac disease (CD). We aimed to investigate adherence to the MD in newly diagnosed CD patients, CD patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD), and in a non-celiac control group. Additionally, we aimed to establish an association between GFD and MD adherence. : In this nested, cross-sectional Hungarian study, MD adherence was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and GFD adherence was assessed using the Standardized Dietitian Evaluation (SDE). : A total of 215 subjects were enrolled, 128 of which were CD patients on a GFD for a minimum of 1 year, 24 were newly diagnosed CD patients, and 63 were non-CD healthy control subjects. Although the control subjects had a higher mean MDS, the groups did not differ statistically significantly from each other (CD on GFD: 5.55 ± 1.57, newly diagnosed CD: 5.35 ± 1.81, controls: 6.05 ± 1.73; > 0.05)-all groups had suboptimal scores. Both CD groups consumed fewer whole grains than the controls ( 0.001). Adequate GFD adherence was associated with higher MDS (5.62 ± 1.54 vs. 4.71 ± 1.21, respectively; 0.009). : Our study highlights the low adherence to MD in celiac patients with insufficient consumption of whole grains. Adherence to GFD is associated with better MD adherence, which underlines the role of dietary education during follow-up. Targeted nutritional counseling could improve the quality of diet in CD patients to reduce cardiovascular risk.
地中海饮食（MD）可降低心血管疾病风险，而乳糜泻（CD）患者的心血管疾病风险更高。我们旨在调查新诊断的CD患者、采用无麸质饮食（GFD）的CD患者以及非乳糜泻对照组对MD的依从性。此外，我们旨在确定GFD与MD依从性之间的关联。
在这项嵌套的横断面匈牙利研究中，使用地中海饮食评分（MDS）评估MD依从性，使用标准化营养师评估（SDE）评估GFD依从性。
总共招募了215名受试者，其中128名是采用GFD至少1年的CD患者，24名是新诊断的CD患者，63名是非CD健康对照受试者。尽管对照受试者的平均MDS较高，但各组之间在统计学上无显著差异（采用GFD的CD患者：5.55±1.57，新诊断的CD患者：5.35±1.81，对照组：6.05±1.73；>0.05）——所有组的得分均不理想。两个CD组的全谷物摄入量均低于对照组（<0.001）。GFD依从性良好与较高的MDS相关（分别为5.62±1.54和4.71±1.21；<0.009）。
我们的研究强调了乳糜泻患者对MD的依从性较低，全谷物摄入量不足。坚持GFD与更好的MD依从性相关，这突出了随访期间饮食教育的作用。有针对性的营养咨询可以改善CD患者的饮食质量，以降低心血管疾病风险。
