Sharma Neha, Thakur Kanika, Zinta Rasna, Mangal Vikas, Tiwari Jagesh Kumar, Sood Salej, Dutt Som, Kumar Vinod, Singh Brajesh, Thakur Ajay Kumar
ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP, 171 001, India.
ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, UP, 221 305, India.
Transgenic Res. 2025 Mar 13;34(1):13. doi: 10.1007/s11248-025-00432-1.
Food and nutritional security are the top priorities in Indian agriculture. Exponential population growth coupled with climate change effects has become a serious challenge for sustainable agriculture. Genome editing has revolutionized the agricultural sector because of its ability to create precise, stable and predictable modifications in the genome and therefore, offers great opportunities for crop improvement in India. However, for harvesting the real benefits of this technology in agriculture sector, there is a strong need of creating awareness among the end users and development of suitable policies for regularization of genome edited products. Many regulatory agencies around the world have been modernizing their regulatory approaches to be more risk proportionate and to reflect a more science-based approach. In this article, recent research initiatives and developments undertaken by different Indian institutes/organizations for the genetic improvement of agricultural and horticultural crops via genome editing technologies are summarized. Furthermore, to benefit from this potential technology in our country, regulatory policies must be clear, science-based and proportionate. Therefore, in the present review, the regulatory policies related to the genome editing of crop products in India are discussed in detail. This review will sensitize researchers and stakeholders to the application of genome editing techniques in crop improvement and various biosafety committees involved in the development and regulation of genome edited crops.
粮食和营养安全是印度农业的首要任务。人口的指数增长加上气候变化的影响，已成为可持续农业面临的严峻挑战。基因组编辑因其能够在基因组中产生精确、稳定和可预测的修饰，从而彻底改变了农业领域，因此为印度的作物改良提供了巨大机遇。然而，为了在农业领域收获这项技术的真正益处，迫切需要提高终端用户的认识，并制定合适的政策来规范基因组编辑产品。世界各地的许多监管机构一直在使其监管方法现代化，以使其更符合风险比例，并反映出更基于科学的方法。本文总结了印度不同机构/组织最近通过基因组编辑技术进行农业和园艺作物遗传改良的研究举措和进展。此外，为了在我国从这项潜在技术中受益，监管政策必须清晰、基于科学且合理。因此，在本综述中，详细讨论了印度与作物产品基因组编辑相关的监管政策。本综述将使研究人员和利益相关者对基因组编辑技术在作物改良中的应用以及参与基因组编辑作物开发和监管的各种生物安全委员会有更深入的了解。
