Sivaraj Niharan, Dohi Toshifumi, Singh Fateh V
Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600127, India.
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-0058, Japan.
Chem Asian J. 2025 Jun;20(12):e202500327. doi: 10.1002/asia.202500327. Epub 2025 Apr 10.
The amide functionalities are a crucial functional group in organic synthesis, playing a vital role in many processes that are essential for the efficient synthesis of important pharmaceutical and industrial compounds. Despite being one of the most commonly conducted reactions by researchers in both academia and industry, the synthesis of amides remains a staple in chemical research and development. Transamidation reactions enable the one-pot conversion of one type of amide into another. Additionally, this process is crucial in the complete synthesis of specific naturally-occurring compounds. However, these methods have certain limitations such as using toxic and corrosive starting materials, usage of strong acid or base, and metal mediated reaction, which can lead to excessive hydrolysis of the desired amide product. To overcome these challenges, more practical and efficient approaches have been developed. Metal-free transamidation reactions have emerged as a powerful and versatile synthetic methodology in organic chemistry, allowing for the direct conversion of amides into new amide products without relying on metal catalysts. In the review article, we have focused on various metal-free transamidation protocols of unactivated amides.
酰胺官能团是有机合成中的关键官能团，在许多对高效合成重要药物和工业化合物至关重要的过程中发挥着重要作用。尽管酰胺合成是学术界和工业界研究人员最常进行的反应之一，但它仍然是化学研发中的重要内容。转酰胺反应能够将一种酰胺一锅法转化为另一种酰胺。此外，该过程在特定天然化合物的全合成中至关重要。然而，这些方法存在一定局限性，如使用有毒和腐蚀性的起始原料、使用强酸或强碱以及金属介导的反应，这可能导致所需酰胺产物过度水解。为克服这些挑战，人们开发了更实用、高效的方法。无金属转酰胺反应已成为有机化学中一种强大且通用的合成方法，可在不依赖金属催化剂的情况下将酰胺直接转化为新的酰胺产物。在这篇综述文章中，我们重点关注了未活化酰胺的各种无金属转酰胺反应方案。
