Lehoczky István, Al Fatle Fatema Ali, Nguyen Thi Quynh, Edviné Meleg Erika, Sallai Zoltán, Szabó Gergely, Fekete Gábor, Kópor István, Várkonyi Eszter, Péter Dániel, Beliczky Gábor, Kovács Balázs, Urbányi Béla, Molnár Tamás
Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő - Keszthely, 2100, Hungary.
Institute for Farm Animal Gene Conservation, National Centre for Biodiversity and Gene Conservation, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 14;15(1):8835. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93468-6.
The crucian carp (Carassius carassius Linnaeus, 1758) is a declining native European cyprinid, inhabiting small water bodies, primariliy threatened by climate change, anthropogenic impacts and invasive relative the Prussian carp. Despite conservation efforts across Europe, data on Carphatian Basin populations remain scarce. This study analyzed nine natural populations (257 individuals) in Hungary using thirteen microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA COI sequencing (187 individuals). Sequencing of mitochondrial DNA revealed a presumably introduced Baltic stock in addition to the Danube lineage and the presence of Prussian carp hybrids in part of the populations. Microsatellite markers also confirmed the latter, but there were populations in the southern region free of hybrids. Genetic diversity was found to be moderate (Ho: 0.49-0.61; Ar: 6.01-7.98). Depending on the genetic structure analysis method, two or three main units with low to moderate differentiation were detected (FST: 0.054-0.192). Based on gene flow, the Danube-Drava region showed a separation from the northern areas and the populations on the eastern bank of the Danube. Eight of the nine populations examined, especially the south Danube populations, could provide a good basis for the establishment of a genetically controlled gene bank of remaining crucian carp stocks, without hybrids.
鲫鱼（Carassius carassius Linnaeus，1758）是一种数量正在减少的欧洲本土鲤科鱼类，栖息于小型水体，主要受到气候变化、人为影响以及与欧洲鲤鱼竞争的外来入侵物种的威胁。尽管欧洲各地都在进行保护工作，但有关喀尔巴阡盆地种群的数据仍然稀少。本研究使用13个微卫星标记和线粒体DNA COI测序（187个个体）分析了匈牙利的9个自然种群（257个个体）。线粒体DNA测序显示，除了多瑙河谱系外，可能还有一个引入的波罗的海种群，并且部分种群中存在欧洲鲤鱼的杂交种。微卫星标记也证实了后者，但南部地区存在无杂交种的种群。发现遗传多样性处于中等水平（观测杂合度：0.49 - 0.61；等位基因数：6.01 - 7.98）。根据遗传结构分析方法，检测到两到三个分化程度低至中等的主要单元（固定指数：0.054 - 0.192）。基于基因流，多瑙河 - 德拉瓦地区与北部地区以及多瑙河东岸的种群存在隔离。所研究的9个种群中的8个，特别是多瑙河以南的种群，可以为建立一个不包含杂交种的遗传可控的鲫鱼剩余种群基因库提供良好基础。
