Martínez Valero Ana Pilar, Amo-Saus Elisa, Pardo-García Isabel, Escribano-Sotos Francisco
Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Cuenca, España; Servicios de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Albacete, España.
Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Albacete, España.
Aten Primaria. 2021 Jan;53(1):27-35. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2019.12.001. Epub 2020 Mar 3.
The consumption of certain foods and healthy eating habits are related to preventing and suffering from a number of chronic diseases. These foods tend to be included in food pyramids, such as that proposed by the Spanish Society for Community Nutrition. One method of analysing diet quality is the use of indices that assess the frequency of consumption of different food groups.
To analyse diet quality in a Spanish population of persons aged over 65years using the Healthy Eating Index and to determine how sociodemographic factors affect scores on the index.
A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on the diet followed at home by Spanish population aged over 65years, using the Healthy Eating Index and taking information from the 2014 European Health Interview Survey in Spain. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the socioeconomic factors associated with diet quality.
Of the study population, 89.6% need to make changes in their diet, while only 8.2% follow a healthy diet. Suffering from chronic diseases, overweight and occasional physical exercise were associated with higher scores on the Healthy Eating Index.
Most of the population aged 65years or over need to make changes in their dietary patterns. Those with potential health risks are more careful about their diet. These findings confirm the need to promote guidelines for healthy eating in the non-clinical population.
某些食物的摄入和健康的饮食习惯与预防和罹患多种慢性疾病有关。这些食物往往被纳入食物金字塔中，比如西班牙社区营养学会提出的食物金字塔。分析饮食质量的一种方法是使用评估不同食物组消费频率的指标。
使用健康饮食指数分析65岁以上西班牙人群的饮食质量，并确定社会人口统计学因素如何影响该指数得分。
采用横断面描述性研究，对65岁以上西班牙人群在家中遵循的饮食进行研究，使用健康饮食指数，并从2014年西班牙欧洲健康访谈调查中获取信息。采用多元线性回归分析确定与饮食质量相关的社会经济因素。
在研究人群中，89.6%的人需要改变他们的饮食，而只有8.2%的人遵循健康饮食。患有慢性病、超重和偶尔进行体育锻炼与健康饮食指数得分较高有关。
大多数65岁及以上的人群需要改变他们的饮食模式。有潜在健康风险的人对饮食更谨慎。这些发现证实了在非临床人群中推广健康饮食指南的必要性。
