Li Wenjie, Zhang Qing, Wang Zhining, Liu Xuan
Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Nat Commun. 2025 Mar 17;16(1):2608. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-57212-y.
Borderlands are increasingly recognized as critically important for biodiversity conservation owing to their ecological significance and high political profile. However, the species ranges covered by protected areas and their influencing factors in transboundary areas are still largely unknown worldwide. Here, based on the distributional ranges of 19,039 terrestrial vertebrates, we find that three-quarters of species' ranges in global borders remain uncovered by protected areas, particularly in tropical areas of Southeast Asia and West Africa. The average protected area coverage of species ranges is lower in transboundary areas than non-transboundary areas after accounting for geographical differences in sampling efforts. We also observe that protected area coverage of species ranges increases with governance effectiveness, collaboration abilities, protection levels, sizes and establishment years of protected areas, and topographic complexity, but decreases with human population density, human development index, and cropland expansion. Furthermore, protected areas simultaneously face threats of ongoing global challenges from climate change, land-use modification, and alien species invasion, and the proportions of borderlands threatened by global changes are higher than elsewhere. All these findings demonstrate that cross-border cooperation is urgently needed to achieve the ambitious goal of global biodiversity conservation by 2050.
由于其生态意义和较高的政治关注度，边境地区日益被视为对生物多样性保护至关重要。然而，全球范围内，跨界地区的保护区所覆盖的物种范围及其影响因素仍 largely未知。在此，基于19039种陆生脊椎动物的分布范围，我们发现全球边境地区四分之三的物种范围未被保护区覆盖，尤其是在东南亚和西非的热带地区。在考虑采样努力的地理差异后，跨界地区物种范围的平均保护区覆盖率低于非跨界地区。我们还观察到，物种范围的保护区覆盖率随着保护区的治理有效性、协作能力、保护水平、面积和设立年份以及地形复杂性而增加，但随着人口密度、人类发展指数和农田扩张而降低。此外，保护区同时面临气候变化、土地利用变化和外来物种入侵等持续全球挑战的威胁，且受全球变化威胁的边境地区比例高于其他地区。所有这些发现表明，迫切需要跨境合作，以实现到2050年全球生物多样性保护的宏伟目标。
