Williams Anaise, Wood Shannon N, Thiongo Mary, Gichangi Peter, Devoto Bianca, Bevilacqua Kristin G, Wamue-Ngare G, Decker Michele R
Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
BMJ Open. 2025 Jan 14;15(1):e080699. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080699.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) threatens women's health and safety. Support services can mitigate the impact, yet few survivors seek services in part due to social norms that discourage use. Little agreement exists on how to measure norms and attitudes related to IPV help-seeking. The objectives were to (1) refine an IPV Help-Seeking Attitudes Scale and examine its psychometric properties, (2) explore differences in attitudes between young men and young women, and (3) examine associations of past 6-month IPV among young women with the scale at the individual level (individual attitudes) and the by-gender community-aggregated averages (community norms) among youth in Nairobi, Kenya.
This cross-sectional, secondary analysis used data from a phone-based survey with a cohort of young men and young women recruited via respondent-driven sampling from April to May 2021. Cross-sectional exploratory factor analysis assessed underlying latent constructs. Multilevel mixed-effects models assessed associations with IPV experience for young women.
A youth cohort of 586 men and 591 women aged 15-24 years in Nairobi, Kenya.
Past 6-month physical and/or sexual IPV among young women.
The IPV Help-Seeking Attitudes Scale had acceptable internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha >0.60). IPV prevalence was 17.5%, among whom 21.7% had sought any help for the past 6-month IPV. A one-unit increase in the community aggregate IPV Help-Seeking Attitudes Scale among young women was associated with reduced odds of IPV (aOR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.03-0.98). However, the individual-level attitudes scale was not associated with IPV nor was the men's community aggregate scale.
The IPV Help-Seeking Attitudes Scale had adequate psychometric properties. The results suggest that young women living in a community where the norm among women enables IPV response may have a reduced risk of IPV. Community norms change to better enable IPV response among young people may help reduce IPV and increase help-seeking.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）威胁着女性的健康与安全。支持服务可以减轻其影响，但很少有幸存者寻求此类服务，部分原因是社会规范不鼓励使用这些服务。对于如何衡量与IPV求助相关的规范和态度，目前尚未达成共识。本研究的目标是：（1）完善IPV求助态度量表并检验其心理测量特性；（2）探究年轻男性和年轻女性在态度上的差异；（3）在肯尼亚内罗毕的青年群体中，考察年轻女性过去6个月的IPV经历与该量表在个体层面（个体态度）以及按性别汇总的社区平均水平（社区规范）之间的关联。
本横断面二次分析使用了2021年4月至5月通过应答驱动抽样招募的一组年轻男性和年轻女性的电话调查数据。横断面探索性因素分析评估潜在的潜在结构。多水平混合效应模型评估年轻女性IPV经历的关联。
肯尼亚内罗毕一个由586名男性和591名年龄在15至24岁之间的女性组成的青年队列。
年轻女性过去6个月遭受的身体和/或性IPV。
IPV求助态度量表具有可接受的内部信度（Cronbach's alpha>0.60）。IPV患病率为17.5%，其中21.7%的人在过去6个月的IPV中寻求过任何帮助。年轻女性社区汇总的IPV求助态度量表每增加一个单位，IPV发生几率降低（调整后比值比：0.17，95%置信区间：0.03 - 0.98）。然而，个体层面的态度量表与IPV无关，男性社区汇总量表也与IPV无关。
IPV求助态度量表具有足够的心理测量特性。结果表明，生活在女性规范允许对IPV作出反应的社区中的年轻女性，遭受IPV的风险可能会降低。改变社区规范以更好地促使年轻人对IPV作出反应，可能有助于减少IPV并增加求助行为。
