Qian Haonan, Liu Yaowen, Choi Hyunsoo, Lee Seongno
Department of Physical Education, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2025 Mar 18;25(1):196. doi: 10.1186/s12872-025-04539-5.
Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Lifestyle interventions, including modifications in diet, nutrition, and physical activity, are commonly recommended, but their causal effects on these conditions remain uncertain. This study aims to explore the causal effects of these factors on hypertension and hyperlipidaemia using multivariate Mendelian randomisation analysis, providing insights for effective cardiovascular prevention strategies.
Genetic data related to physical activity, diet, and nutrition were obtained from public databases and analyzed using multivariate Mendelian randomisation. The analysis employed MR Egger, weighted median, and inverse variance weighting (IVW) methods, with tests for heterogeneity and multiplicity ensuring the reliability of the results. In the hypertension analysis, low-calorie diets showed a positive association in weighted median and IVW analyses, with weighted median analysis showing an association of 1.122 (95% CI: 1.014-1.243, P = 0.026) and IVW analysis showing an association of 1.095 (95% CI: 1.013-1.184, P = 0.023). However, MR Egger's analysis showed no significant association (association of 0.688, 95% CI: 0.411-1.155, P = 0.230). Calcium supplements and dietary fibre did not demonstrate significant associations across all methods. Physical activity also did not show significant causal links with hypertension. Regarding hyperlipidaemia, calcium supplements exhibited significant effects across all methods, though with notable variation, while dietary fibre and physical activity showed no significant impacts.
The study suggests a positive association between low-calorie diets and hypertension, as indicated by significant results from weighted median and IVW analyses. Other dietary factors, physical activity, and calcium supplementation exhibited varied or non-significant effects on hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. These findings highlight the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms and support the development of effective public health interventions.
高血压和高脂血症是心血管疾病的主要危险因素，在全球范围内导致了显著的发病率和死亡率。通常建议采取生活方式干预措施，包括饮食、营养和体育活动的调整，但其对这些疾病的因果关系仍不确定。本研究旨在使用多变量孟德尔随机化分析探讨这些因素对高血压和高脂血症的因果关系，为有效的心血管预防策略提供见解。
从公共数据库中获取与体育活动、饮食和营养相关的遗传数据，并使用多变量孟德尔随机化进行分析。分析采用MR Egger、加权中位数和逆方差加权（IVW）方法，并进行异质性和多重性检验以确保结果的可靠性。在高血压分析中，低热量饮食在加权中位数和IVW分析中显示出正相关，加权中位数分析显示关联度为1.122（95%可信区间：1.014 - 1.243，P = 0.026），IVW分析显示关联度为1.095（95%可信区间：1.013 - 1.184，P = 0.023）。然而，MR Egger分析未显示出显著关联（关联度为0.688，95%可信区间：0.411 - 1.155，P = 0.230）。钙补充剂和膳食纤维在所有方法中均未显示出显著关联。体育活动与高血压也未显示出显著的因果关系。关于高脂血症，钙补充剂在所有方法中均显示出显著效果，尽管存在显著差异，而膳食纤维和体育活动未显示出显著影响。
该研究表明，加权中位数和IVW分析的显著结果表明低热量饮食与高血压之间存在正相关。其他饮食因素、体育活动和钙补充对高血压和高脂血症的影响各不相同或不显著。这些发现凸显了进一步研究以了解潜在机制并支持有效公共卫生干预措施发展的必要性。
