Mehdipour Aida, Masoumi Maryam, Fateh Roohollah, Aghaali Mohammad, Mohammadidana Faezeh, Saleh Ali, Rasouli Alireza, Kabiri Faezeh
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Clinical Research and Development Unit, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Mar 18;25(1):399. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05762-4.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are complex autoimmune diseases that present with a range of systemic and oral manifestations including dental decay and alterations in the oral microbiome profile. The purpose of this study was to compare the fungal and bacterial profile of supragingival dental plaque and dental caries in patients with SLE and RA.
The present descriptive-cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted on 91 participants (31 RA, 30 lupus, and 30 control groups). Decayed, Missing, and Filled teeth (DMFT) and The International Caries Detection Assessment System (ICDAS) indices were used to investigate tooth decay. The DAS-28 index was used to assess the severity of RA, and the SLEDAI-2 K index was used to evaluate the severity of lupus. The number of supragingival dental plaque Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp. and Candida albicans colonies were evaluated using Mitis Salivarius Agar (MSA), deMan-Rogosa-Sharpe agar (MRS) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Chloramphenicol (SC) culture medium, respectively. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal -Wallis, k2, Fisher's tests, and Spearman's correlation coefficient.
A statistically significant relationship was observed between the education level (P = 0.030), mean of DMFT, ICDAS, MSA and SC indices (P < 0.001) with the type of disease. The control and RA group showed significantly higher MRS index than the lupus group (P < 0.001). There was significant and positive correlation between the severity of the disease in lupus patients and SC (Candida albicans) (P < 0.001, R = 0.698) and MRS (P = 0/020, R = 0.408) indices.
Dental decay and the fungal and bacterial flora of supragingival dental plaque patients are higher than in the healthy group. It is recommended that these patients pay more attention to their oral hygiene and undergo periodic oral examinations.
系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）和类风湿关节炎（RA）是复杂的自身免疫性疾病，会出现一系列全身和口腔表现，包括龋齿和口腔微生物群特征的改变。本研究的目的是比较SLE和RA患者龈上牙菌斑和龋齿的真菌及细菌特征。
本描述性横断面分析研究对91名参与者（31名RA患者、30名狼疮患者和30名对照组）进行。使用龋失补牙数（DMFT）和国际龋病检测与评估系统（ICDAS）指数调查龋齿情况。使用DAS - 28指数评估RA的严重程度，使用SLEDAI - 2K指数评估狼疮的严重程度。分别使用轻唾琼脂（MSA）、德氏罗格斯夏普琼脂（MRS）和含氯霉素的沙氏葡萄糖琼脂（SC）培养基评估龈上牙菌斑变形链球菌、乳酸杆菌属和白色念珠菌菌落的数量。数据采用单因素方差分析、克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯检验、卡方检验、费舍尔检验和斯皮尔曼相关系数进行分析。
观察到教育水平（P = 0.030）、DMFT均值、ICDAS、MSA和SC指数（P < 0.001）与疾病类型之间存在统计学显著关系。对照组和RA组的MRS指数显著高于狼疮组（P < 0.001）。狼疮患者疾病严重程度与SC（白色念珠菌）（P < 0.001，R = 0.698）和MRS（P = 0.020，R = 0.408）指数之间存在显著正相关。
龈上牙菌斑患者的龋齿以及真菌和细菌菌群高于健康组。建议这些患者更加注意口腔卫生并定期进行口腔检查。
