Jin Chunlan, Ling Jian, Xu Zuhuan, Lin Tao, Chen Weiqin
Department of Operating Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
BMC Med Educ. 2025 Mar 19;25(1):399. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-06972-8.
The impostor phenomenon (IP), is a condition in which people think they are incapable of success and tend to attribute their success to external causes such as luck, error, or knowing the appropriate individuals. It has been confirmed as a contributor to burnout for practicing physicians, residents, and medical students. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the prevalence and scope of IP among surgeons and surgeons in training, in order to determine gaps that can be addressed in future research.
Searches were conducted in the following databases: Embase, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and ProQuest from inception to 30 June 2024. Two investigators independently assessed the articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All titles and abstracts meeting the inclusion criteria were carefully reviewed for the full text. The individual screening results were compared, and any discrepancies were discussed with a third investigator and a final consensus for further analysis.
The Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) was used to assess the prevalence in the included studies. The prevalence of IP among surgeons and surgeons in training ranged from 27.5 to 100%. Women were more prone to suffer from IP when compared to their male counterparts. Most literature also showed that female surgeons reported statistically higher in IP scores than males. Level of education and academic achievements were also associated with IP.
This scoping review identified the published literature on IP among surgeons and surgeons in training and focused on the existing research objects to discover the gaps in the current research. Future directions may focus on early interventions aimed at identifying and managing IP.
冒名顶替现象（IP）是一种人们认为自己没有能力取得成功，并倾向于将自己的成功归因于外部因素，如运气、错误或认识合适的人等的情况。它已被确认为导致执业医师、住院医师和医学生职业倦怠的一个因素。本范围综述的目的是描述外科医生及接受培训的外科医生中冒名顶替现象的患病率和范围，以确定未来研究中可以解决的差距。
在以下数据库中进行检索：Embase、PubMed、Medline、CINAHL（护理学与健康相关文献累积索引）、Cochrane图书馆、科学引文索引、PsycINFO、谷歌学术和ProQuest，检索时间从数据库建立至2024年6月30日。两名研究者根据纳入和排除标准独立评估文章。对所有符合纳入标准的标题和摘要进行全文仔细审查。比较个体筛选结果，任何差异都与第三位研究者讨论，并达成最终共识以进行进一步分析。
在纳入的研究中，使用克兰斯冒名顶替现象量表（CIPS）来评估患病率。外科医生及接受培训的外科医生中冒名顶替现象的患病率在27.5%至100%之间。与男性同行相比，女性更容易遭受冒名顶替现象。大多数文献还表明，女性外科医生在冒名顶替现象评分上的统计学结果高于男性。教育水平和学术成就也与冒名顶替现象有关。
本范围综述确定了关于外科医生及接受培训的外科医生中冒名顶替现象的已发表文献，并聚焦于现有研究对象以发现当前研究中的差距。未来的方向可能集中在旨在识别和管理冒名顶替现象的早期干预措施上。
