Henkel Christian
School of Philosophy, University College Dublin, Ireland.
Br J Hist Sci. 2025 Mar 19:1-17. doi: 10.1017/S0007087425000160.
In this paper, I argue that Johann Christoph Sturm's eclectic scientific method reveals an unexpected indebtedness to Francis Bacon's thought. Sturm's reception of Bacon is particularly surprising given that the German academic context in the second half of the seventeenth century was still largely Aristotelian. Sturm is indebted to Bacon in the following respects: (1) the critique of the current state of knowledge, (2) eclecticism, (3) a fluid transition from natural history to natural philosophy, (4) the conception of science as hypothetical and dynamic and (5) experimental philosophy and the use of instruments. Given that Sturm mentions Francis Bacon in important places in his work, these respects should not easily be dismissed as commonplace. Bacon is one of Sturm's salient sources and they are both deeply concerned with a thoroughgoing reform of existing scientific practices.
在本文中，我认为约翰·克里斯托夫·施图姆（Johann Christoph Sturm）折中的科学方法显示出他对弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）思想出人意料的借鉴。考虑到17世纪下半叶德国学术环境在很大程度上仍以亚里士多德学说为主，施图姆对培根的接受尤其令人惊讶。施图姆在以下几个方面借鉴了培根的思想：（1）对当前知识状况的批判；（2）折中主义；（3）从自然史到自然哲学的流畅过渡；（4）将科学视为假设性和动态性的观念；（5）实验哲学及仪器的使用。鉴于施图姆在其著作的重要部分提及了弗朗西斯·培根，这些方面不应轻易被视为老生常谈而不予理会。培根是施图姆的重要思想来源之一，他们都深切关注对现有科学实践进行彻底改革。
