Tan Shirley Siang Ning, Tiong Lee Len, Wong Kung Yee, Wahab Mastulu Binti, Fong Alan Yean Yip, Ooi Choo Huck
Clinical Research Centre, Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Sarawak General Hospital Ministry of Health Sarawak Malaysia.
Department of Pharmacy, Sarawak General Hospital Ministry of Health Sarawak Malaysia.
Health Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 18;8(3):e70290. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.70290. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Malaysia, like many developing countries, is undergoing epidemiologic transition where non-communicable diseases, including cancer, are emerging as a prevalent health burden. Sarawak is the largest state in Malaysia, located on the island of Borneo. Compiling region-specific cancer statistics is crucial for future planning and implementation of effective cancer management strategies.
This study utilized cancer data reported to the Sarawak State Health Department with a cancer notification form. Data was obtained from the State cancer database. Incidence, Age-Standardized Rate, frequency, cumulative rate, and lifetime risk were calculated. The population included Sarawak residents only who were defined as Malaysian citizens as well as permanent residents living in Sarawak at the time of diagnosis.
Between years 2011-2015, there were a total of 10,320 cancer cases (47.3% male). The incidence rate was approximately 16.6 persons per 100,000 population per year. An increasing trend was observed in cancer incidence with increasing age. Ethnic distribution reported the highest incidence among the Chinese (male cases:36.2% and female cases:36.4%), followed by the Iban (male cases:26.9% and female cases:24.5%), and Malay (male cases:18.3% and female cases:22.0%). The three most common cancers in male were colorectal (15.4%), nasopharyngeal (14.8%), and trachea, bronchus, lung (14.0%) cancer. In females, the first three common cancers were breast (27.9%), cervix uteri (11.6%), and colorectal (9.8%). There were wide disparities among common cancers across genders, different age groups and ethnic groups.
The lifetime risk of a Sarawakian to develop cancer by age 75 is 1 in 11 in females and 1 in 10 in males. This present study provided a framework for the status and trend of cancer in Sarawak. These findings will provide additional information to guide strategy and resource planning in improving cancer care in Sarawak.
与许多发展中国家一样，马来西亚正经历流行病学转变，包括癌症在内的非传染性疾病正成为普遍的健康负担。砂拉越是马来西亚最大的州，位于婆罗洲岛。汇编特定地区的癌症统计数据对于未来规划和实施有效的癌症管理策略至关重要。
本研究利用通过癌症报告表上报给砂拉越州卫生部的癌症数据。数据取自该州癌症数据库。计算了发病率、年龄标准化率、频率、累积率和终生风险。研究人群仅包括砂拉越居民，他们被定义为马来西亚公民以及诊断时居住在砂拉越的永久居民。
2011年至2015年期间，共有10320例癌症病例（男性占47.3%）。发病率约为每年每10万人口16.6人。随着年龄增长，癌症发病率呈上升趋势。种族分布方面，华人的发病率最高（男性病例：36.2%，女性病例：36.4%），其次是伊班族（男性病例：26.9%，女性病例：24.5%），以及马来族（男性病例：18.3%，女性病例：22.0%）。男性最常见的三种癌症是结直肠癌（15.4%）、鼻咽癌（14.8%）和气管、支气管、肺癌（14.0%）。女性最常见的三种癌症是乳腺癌（27.9%）、子宫颈癌（11.6%）和结直肠癌（9.8%）。常见癌症在性别、不同年龄组和种族之间存在很大差异。
砂拉越女性到75岁患癌的终生风险为十一分之一，男性为十分之一。本研究提供了砂拉越癌症现状和趋势的框架。这些发现将为指导砂拉越改善癌症护理的策略和资源规划提供更多信息。
