Šutić Lucija, Yıldız Ezgi, Yavuz Şala F Cemre, Duzen Aylin, Keijsers Loes, Boele Savannah
Faculty of Educational and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2025 Sep;66(9):1414-1424. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.14161. Epub 2025 Mar 19.
Anxiety symptoms among adolescents have been increasing globally. The present study aimed to better understand the role of parenting, which is believed to act as both a risk and protective factor for anxiety while also being impacted by adolescent anxiety. Specifically, this preregistered study examined the bidirectional associations between parental autonomy support, intrusiveness, and symptoms of generalized anxiety in adolescents.
We used meso-longitudinal data of Dutch adolescents (N = 256, M = 14.4, age range = 12-17, 71.5% female, t = 17.7) and their parents (N = 176, M = 46.8, 82% female, t = 22). They reported biweekly on parental intrusiveness and autonomy support and on adolescent generalized anxiety symptoms. Dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) was used to examine the associations at the between- and within-family levels.
The between-family level associations indicated that adolescents from families with lower levels of parental autonomy support and higher levels of parental intrusiveness exhibited higher levels of generalized anxiety symptoms. Within families, during weeks when parents were less autonomy supportive or more intrusive, adolescents also experienced more generalized anxiety symptoms. Regarding the bidirectional time-lagged effects, adolescent-driven, but not parent-driven, effects emerged. Specifically, when adolescents experienced more generalized anxiety symptoms than usual, their parents were less autonomy supportive and more intrusive 2 weeks later.
Although further research is needed, these findings underscore the negative impact of adolescents' mental health issues on parenting. To prevent the further escalation of family problems, it seems vital to promote positive and adaptive parent-child interactions when adolescents face mental health issues.
全球青少年焦虑症状呈上升趋势。本研究旨在更好地理解养育方式的作用，养育方式被认为既是焦虑的风险因素又是保护因素，同时也受到青少年焦虑的影响。具体而言，这项预先注册的研究考察了父母自主支持、侵扰性与青少年广泛性焦虑症状之间的双向关联。
我们使用了荷兰青少年（N = 256，M = 14.4，年龄范围 = 12 - 17岁，71.5%为女性，t = 17.7）及其父母（N = 176，M = 46.8，82%为女性，t = 22）的中长时段数据。他们每两周报告一次父母的侵扰性和自主支持情况以及青少年的广泛性焦虑症状。采用动态结构方程模型（DSEM）来考察家庭间和家庭内层面的关联。
家庭间层面的关联表明，来自父母自主支持水平较低且侵扰性较高家庭的青少年表现出更高水平的广泛性焦虑症状。在家庭内部，当父母自主支持较少或侵扰性较强的几周里，青少年也会经历更多的广泛性焦虑症状。关于双向时滞效应，出现了青少年驱动而非父母驱动的效应。具体而言，当青少年经历的广泛性焦虑症状比平时更多时，他们的父母在两周后自主支持减少且侵扰性增加。
尽管还需要进一步研究，但这些发现强调了青少年心理健康问题对养育方式的负面影响。为防止家庭问题进一步升级，当青少年面临心理健康问题时，促进积极且适应性良好的亲子互动似乎至关重要。
