Baek Gumhee, Cha Chiyoung, Han Jin-Hui
College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea, 82 1035065701.
Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
JMIR Hum Factors. 2025 Mar 19;12:e67682. doi: 10.2196/67682.
Health professionals face significant psychological burdens including burnout, anxiety, and depression. These can negatively impact their well-being and patient care. Traditional psychological health interventions often encounter limitations such as a lack of accessibility and privacy. Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are being explored as potential solutions to these challenges, offering available and immediate support. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically evaluate the characteristics and effectiveness of AI chatbots designed specifically for health professionals.
This scoping review aims to evaluate the existing literature on the use of AI chatbots for psychological health support among health professionals.
Following Arksey and O'Malley's framework, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across eight databases, covering studies published before 2024, including backward and forward citation tracking and manual searching from the included studies. Studies were screened for relevance based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, among 2465 studies retrieved, 10 studies met the criteria for review.
Among the 10 studies, six chatbots were delivered via mobile platforms, and four via web-based platforms, all enabling one-on-one interactions. Natural language processing algorithms were used in six studies and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques were applied to psychological health in four studies. Usability was evaluated in six studies through participant feedback and engagement metrics. Improvements in anxiety, depression, and burnout were observed in four studies, although one reported an increase in depressive symptoms.
AI chatbots show potential tools to support the psychological health of health professionals by offering personalized and accessible interventions. Nonetheless, further research is required to establish standardized protocols and validate the effectiveness of these interventions. Future studies should focus on refining chatbot designs and assessing their impact on diverse health professionals.
卫生专业人员面临着包括职业倦怠、焦虑和抑郁在内的重大心理负担。这些会对他们的幸福感和患者护理产生负面影响。传统的心理健康干预措施往往存在局限性，如缺乏可及性和隐私性。人工智能（AI）聊天机器人正在被探索作为应对这些挑战的潜在解决方案，提供随时可用的即时支持。因此，有必要系统地评估专门为卫生专业人员设计的人工智能聊天机器人的特点和有效性。
本范围综述旨在评估关于使用人工智能聊天机器人为卫生专业人员提供心理健康支持的现有文献。
按照阿克西和奥马利的框架，在八个数据库中进行了全面的文献检索，涵盖2024年之前发表的研究，包括前后引文跟踪以及对纳入研究进行手动检索。根据纳入和排除标准筛选研究的相关性，在检索到的2465项研究中，有10项研究符合综述标准。
在这10项研究中，6个聊天机器人通过移动平台提供，4个通过基于网络的平台提供，均实现一对一互动。6项研究使用了自然语言处理算法，4项研究将认知行为疗法技术应用于心理健康。6项研究通过参与者反馈和参与指标评估了可用性。4项研究观察到焦虑、抑郁和职业倦怠有所改善，尽管有一项研究报告抑郁症状有所增加。
人工智能聊天机器人通过提供个性化和可及的干预措施，显示出支持卫生专业人员心理健康的潜在工具。尽管如此，仍需要进一步研究来建立标准化方案并验证这些干预措施的有效性。未来的研究应侧重于完善聊天机器人的设计，并评估它们对不同卫生专业人员的影响。
