Kontak Julia C, Macrae Caitlyn, Caldwell Hilary A T, Feicht Becky, Heath Stephanie, Hancock Friesen Camille L, Kirk Sara F L
Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 5968 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, 1318 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scota, B3H 3E2, Canada.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Mar 19;25(1):1063. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22121-8.
Health Promoting Schools (HPS) is a whole school model that strengthens and maintains a healthy school environment. While a key component of HPS is the engagement of students, there is little known about the strategies for, facilitators of, and barriers to, student engagement. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize and characterize the evidence on the process of student engagement in school health promotion, with a focus on whole school models like HPS.
This scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guided reporting. Eligibility included sources examining the process of student engagement in school health promotion for children and youth (ages 5-19) in any country, who attended a private or public school. Both published and unpublished sources were included. Databases searched were: CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Relevant organisational websites and sources identified by experts were also reviewed. Two independent reviewers screened the title, abstract, and full text of the sources. Descriptive analysis was conducted for quantitative data, and content analysis was employed for qualitative data.
1740 sources were screened, 133 citations were eligible for full text review and a total of 50 sources were included: 38 peer-reviewed publications, 7 grey literature sources, 2 peer-reviewed publications from reference-checking and 3 sources recommended by experts. The majority of articles reported on primary research (n = 34), employed qualitative methods (n = 28) and over half of all sources were published from European institutions/organizations (n = 26). Process strategies for student engagement predominantly related to participatory mechanisms including reflection and visioning, determining priorities and action-oriented learning. A wide range of intersecting facilitators and barriers were identified, with school structures largely acting as a barrier and adult approaches to engagement being a facilitator.
This scoping review described the strategies, facilitators and barriers involving the process of student engagement in school health promotion. The results can inform the development and implementation of future student engagement strategies to strengthen school health promotion actions.
健康促进学校（HPS）是一种强化并维持健康学校环境的全校性模式。虽然学生参与是健康促进学校的一个关键组成部分，但对于学生参与的策略、促进因素和障碍却知之甚少。本范围综述的目的是总结和描述有关学生参与学校健康促进过程的证据，重点关注像健康促进学校这样的全校性模式。
本范围综述遵循乔安娜·布里格斯研究所指南以及阿克西和奥马利范围综述框架。系统综述和Meta分析优先报告项目扩展版用于指导范围综述的报告。纳入标准包括研究任何国家5至19岁儿童和青少年（就读于私立或公立学校）参与学校健康促进过程的资料来源。已发表和未发表的资料来源均包括在内。检索的数据库有：CINAHL、教育资源信息中心（ERIC）、医学文献数据库（MEDLINE）、Scopus和谷歌学术。还对相关组织网站和专家确定的资料来源进行了审查。两名独立评审员筛选了资料来源的标题、摘要和全文。对定量数据进行描述性分析，对定性数据采用内容分析。
筛选了1740个资料来源，133篇文献符合全文审查标准，共纳入50个资料来源：38篇同行评审出版物、7篇灰色文献资料、2篇通过参考文献核对获得的同行评审出版物以及3篇专家推荐的资料来源。大多数文章报道的是原发性研究（n = 34），采用定性方法（n = 28），所有资料来源中超过一半由欧洲机构/组织发表（n = 26）。学生参与的过程策略主要涉及参与机制，包括反思与展望、确定优先事项和行动导向学习。确定了广泛的交叉促进因素和障碍，学校结构在很大程度上起到阻碍作用，而成年人的参与方式则是促进因素。
本范围综述描述了学生参与学校健康促进过程中涉及的策略、促进因素和障碍。研究结果可为未来加强学校健康促进行动的学生参与策略的制定和实施提供参考。
