Wiers Reinout W, El Marroun Hanan, Bockting Claudi, Krugers Harm
Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2025 May;30(2):189-191. doi: 10.1111/camh.12771. Epub 2025 Mar 21.
Urban environments are related to higher prevalences of common mental disorders (addictions, anxieties and mood disorders) in adults. The mechanisms underlying this relationship are less clear. Cities function as a magnet, related to economic and educational opportunities, but are also related to urban stress and low well-being. Urban areas have larger inequalities, and people in deprived areas are at enhanced risk for mental health problems, which have been related both to environmental factors like pollution and to perceptions of the (social) environment, including perceived safety and social support. The interactions of vulnerability factors at different levels of description (e.g., within-person stress vulnerability vs. neighborhood stressors) can be considered a complex system. We here discuss what is known about growing up in an urban versus rural environment, with the aim to identify target points for mental health-related interventions in youth. We summarize this for three broad developmental periods: early life (first 1000 days), childhood, and adolescence into young adulthood, with implications for interventions.
城市环境与成年人常见精神障碍（成瘾、焦虑和情绪障碍）的较高患病率相关。这种关系背后的机制尚不清楚。城市就像一块磁石，与经济和教育机会相关，但也与城市压力和幸福感低有关。城市地区存在更大的不平等，贫困地区的人们心理健康问题风险更高，这既与污染等环境因素有关，也与对（社会）环境的认知有关，包括感知到的安全和社会支持。不同描述层面的脆弱性因素之间的相互作用（例如，个体内部的压力易感性与邻里压力源）可以被视为一个复杂系统。我们在此讨论在城市与农村环境中成长的已知情况，目的是确定针对青少年心理健康相关干预措施的目标点。我们针对三个广泛的发育阶段进行总结：生命早期（最初1000天）、儿童期以及从青少年到青年期，并阐述其对干预措施的影响。
