Ravikoti Shyamala, Bhatia Vikas, Mohanasundari Saykkulandai Kuppuswamy
Department of Microbiology, AIIMS Bibinagar, Telangana, India.
Executive Director, Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Bibinagar, Telangana, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2025 Feb;14(2):521-525. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1237_24. Epub 2025 Feb 21.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, with an estimated 10.6 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths in 2022. Recent years have seen a 3.9% increase in TB incidence, reversing prior declines. Drug-resistant TB poses significant hurdles, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and rifampicin-resistant (RR) TB affecting 410,000 individuals, yet only 175,650 were diagnosed and treated. Advances in TB treatment include the World Health Organization's recommended 6-month BPaLM regimen (Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, Linezolid, Moxifloxacin), demonstrating 89% treatment success for MDR/RR-TB cases. Innovative diagnostics like molecular tests, IGRA, CAD for chest radiography, and new skin tests enhance detection accuracy. Vaccine development is promising, with 16 candidates in clinical trials. Emerging drugs and regimens aim to shorten treatment duration and improve outcomes. This article reviews recent advancements in TB treatment regimens, diagnostics, and vaccines, emphasizing the importance of these innovations in addressing drug-resistant TB and improving global TB control efforts.
结核病仍然是一项全球性的健康挑战，2022年估计有1060万新发病例和130万人死亡。近年来，结核病发病率上升了3.9%，扭转了此前的下降趋势。耐药结核病构成了重大障碍，耐多药（MDR）和利福平耐药（RR）结核病影响了41万人，但只有175650人得到诊断和治疗。结核病治疗的进展包括世界卫生组织推荐的6个月BPaLM方案（贝达喹啉、普瑞玛尼、利奈唑胺、莫西沙星），该方案对耐多药/利福平耐药结核病病例的治疗成功率达89%。分子检测、IGRA、胸部X线计算机辅助检测（CAD）和新型皮肤试验等创新诊断方法提高了检测准确性。疫苗研发前景广阔，有16种候选疫苗正在进行临床试验。新出现的药物和治疗方案旨在缩短治疗时间并改善治疗效果。本文综述了结核病治疗方案、诊断方法和疫苗方面的最新进展，强调了这些创新对于应对耐药结核病和加强全球结核病防控工作的重要性。
