Blakeley-Ruiz J Alfredo, Bartlett Alexandria, McMillan Arthur S, Awan Ayesha, Walsh Molly Vanhoy, Meyerhoffer Alissa K, Vintila Simina, Maier Jessie L, Richie Tanner G, Theriot Casey M, Kleiner Manuel
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Agricultural Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
ISME J. 2025 Jan 2;19(1). doi: 10.1093/ismejo/wraf048.
The source of protein in a person's diet affects their total life expectancy. However, the mechanisms by which dietary protein sources differentially impact human health and life expectancy are poorly understood. Dietary choices impact the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota that ultimately modulate host health. This raises the possibility that health outcomes based on dietary protein sources might be driven by interactions between dietary protein and the gut microbiota. In this study, we determined the effects of seven different sources of dietary protein on the gut microbiota of mice using an integrated metagenomics-metaproteomics approach. The protein abundances measured by metaproteomics can provide microbial species abundances, and evidence for the molecular phenotype of microbiota members because measured proteins indicate the metabolic and physiological processes used by a microbial community. We showed that dietary protein source significantly altered the species composition and overall function of the gut microbiota. Different dietary protein sources led to changes in the abundance of microbial proteins involved in the degradation of amino acids and the degradation of glycosylations conjugated to dietary protein. In particular, brown rice and egg white protein increased the abundance of amino acid degrading enzymes. Egg white protein increased the abundance of bacteria and proteins usually associated with the degradation of the intestinal mucus barrier. These results show that dietary protein sources can change the gut microbiota's metabolism, which could have major implications in the context of gut microbiota mediated diseases.
一个人饮食中蛋白质的来源会影响其总体预期寿命。然而，饮食蛋白质来源对人类健康和预期寿命产生不同影响的机制却鲜为人知。饮食选择会影响肠道微生物群的组成和功能，而肠道微生物群最终会调节宿主健康。这就增加了一种可能性，即基于饮食蛋白质来源的健康结果可能是由饮食蛋白质与肠道微生物群之间的相互作用所驱动的。在本研究中，我们使用综合宏基因组学-宏蛋白质组学方法，确定了七种不同饮食蛋白质来源对小鼠肠道微生物群的影响。通过宏蛋白质组学测量的蛋白质丰度可以提供微生物物种丰度，以及微生物群成员分子表型的证据，因为所测量的蛋白质表明了微生物群落所使用的代谢和生理过程。我们发现，饮食蛋白质来源显著改变了肠道微生物群的物种组成和整体功能。不同的饮食蛋白质来源导致参与氨基酸降解和与饮食蛋白质结合的糖基化降解的微生物蛋白质丰度发生变化。特别是，糙米和蛋清蛋白增加了氨基酸降解酶的丰度。蛋清蛋白增加了通常与肠道黏液屏障降解相关的细菌和蛋白质的丰度。这些结果表明，饮食蛋白质来源可以改变肠道微生物群的代谢，这可能对肠道微生物群介导的疾病产生重大影响。
