Abene Jessica, Deng Jie
School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
J Cancer Surviv. 2025 Mar 22. doi: 10.1007/s11764-025-01777-6.
This systematic review synthesizes current literature examining the relationship between various dietary patterns and chemotherapy toxicities among patients currently receiving chemotherapy treatment. It aims to determine the most advantageous dietary pattern for patients with various malignancies.
PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase were thoroughly searched to select quantitative studies that answered the research question and met the inclusion criteria as of July 2024.
Fourteen studies were analyzed: 10 randomized control trials (RCTs), 2 quasi-experimental, 1 case series, and 1 cohort study. Analyses were stratified by dietary pattern: fasting; Mediterranean diet; ketogenic diet; plant-based, high-protein diet; and anti-inflammatory diet. The results suggest that these all have the ability to benefit patients' experiences with chemotherapy. Fasting; a Mediterranean diet; a plant-based, high-protein diet; and an anti-inflammatory diet may reduce toxicities such as fatigue, diarrhea, insomnia, and nausea throughout chemotherapy. The ketogenic diet might offer initial advantages in improving diarrhea and physical activity; however, these results may not be sustainable.
There is insufficient evidence to identify a single dietary intervention as the most effective in reducing chemotherapy toxicities in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Further research is necessary to uncover the most beneficial dietary pattern to recommend as a nutritional strategy for survivors undergoing chemotherapy.
Survivors may benefit from adopting specific dietary patterns to alleviate chemotherapy toxicities. These reductions may improve chemotherapy tolerance, minimize treatment interruptions, and enhance daily functioning.
本系统评价综合了当前研究正在接受化疗的患者中各种饮食模式与化疗毒性之间关系的文献。其旨在确定对各种恶性肿瘤患者最有利的饮食模式。
全面检索了PubMed、CINAHL和Embase，以选择截至2024年7月回答了研究问题并符合纳入标准的定量研究。
分析了14项研究：10项随机对照试验（RCT）、2项准实验、1项病例系列和1项队列研究。分析按饮食模式分层：禁食；地中海饮食；生酮饮食；植物性高蛋白饮食；以及抗炎饮食。结果表明，这些饮食模式都有能力使患者从化疗中获益。禁食、地中海饮食、植物性高蛋白饮食和抗炎饮食可能会减轻化疗期间的疲劳、腹泻、失眠和恶心等毒性。生酮饮食可能在改善腹泻和身体活动方面有初步优势；然而，这些结果可能无法持续。
没有足够的证据确定单一的饮食干预是降低化疗患者化疗毒性最有效的方法。有必要进行进一步研究，以找出最有益的饮食模式，作为化疗幸存者的营养策略推荐。
幸存者可能会从采用特定饮食模式中受益，以减轻化疗毒性。这些减轻可能会提高化疗耐受性，尽量减少治疗中断，并改善日常功能。
