Matilla Miguel A, Gavira José A, Monteagudo-Cascales Elizabet, Zhulin Igor B, Krell Tino
Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Prof. Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain.
Laboratory of Crystallographic Studies, CSIC-UGR, Avenida de las Palmeras 4, Armilla, 18100, Spain.
Trends Microbiol. 2025 Jul;33(7):796-809. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2025.02.019. Epub 2025 Mar 21.
The ability of bacteria to adapt to changing environmental conditions largely depends on transmembrane receptors that sense signal molecules and generate responses such as chemotaxis, changes in gene expression, or alterations in second-messenger levels. Although these receptors differ significantly in function, they share a common mode of activation that involves signal molecule interaction with sensor domains. A major challenge in microbiology lies in the limited knowledge of ligands that stimulate receptors. Here, we review recent advances in this field, including the occurrence of multi-modular sensor domains, the identification of co-component signal transduction systems, evidence for sensor domain evolution from transporters, and the use of binding pocket sequence motifs to identify sensor domain ligands.
细菌适应不断变化的环境条件的能力很大程度上取决于跨膜受体，这些受体能够感知信号分子并产生诸如趋化性、基因表达变化或第二信使水平改变等反应。尽管这些受体在功能上有显著差异，但它们具有共同的激活模式，即信号分子与传感结构域相互作用。微生物学中的一个主要挑战在于对刺激受体的配体了解有限。在此，我们综述该领域的最新进展，包括多模块传感结构域的出现、共组分信号转导系统的鉴定、传感结构域从转运蛋白进化而来的证据，以及利用结合口袋序列基序来鉴定传感结构域配体。
