Cunningham Lee Anna, Tunc-Ozcan Elif, Rodriguez Arasely M
Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2025;1473:93-109. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-81908-7_5.
This review is focused on adult hippocampal neurogenesis as a potential therapeutic target in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Adult hippocampal neurogenesis refers to the production of new hippocampal dentate granule cells (DGCs) from a replenishable pool of neural stem and progenitor cells throughout life. Adult-generated DGCs have been shown to exert a profound influence on hippocampal network activity in experimental animals and have been implicated in the regulation of many hippocampal-dependent behaviors and emotional states, including certain forms of learning and memory, anxiety, mood, and stress resilience. While adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans remains controversial, many studies support its existence and impact on hippocampal function in human health and disease. Here, we review mechanisms of adult hippocampal neurogenesis under physiological conditions, as described primarily in rodent brain, its impact on network activity and behavior, and the negative effects of developmental alcohol exposure on this process. We then explore hippocampal neurogenesis as a potential target for FASD therapy using pharmacological and neurophysiological approaches known to stimulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis, currently available for clinical use in FASD patients.
本综述聚焦于成年海马神经发生，将其作为胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）的一个潜在治疗靶点。成年海马神经发生是指在整个生命过程中，从可补充的神经干细胞和祖细胞库中产生新的海马齿状颗粒细胞（DGCs）。研究表明，成年期产生的DGCs对实验动物的海马网络活动有深远影响，并与许多依赖海马的行为和情绪状态的调节有关，包括某些形式的学习和记忆、焦虑、情绪以及应激恢复力。虽然人类成年海马神经发生仍存在争议，但许多研究支持其存在以及对人类健康和疾病中海马功能的影响。在此，我们综述了生理条件下成年海马神经发生的机制（主要在啮齿动物大脑中描述）、其对网络活动和行为的影响，以及发育过程中酒精暴露对这一过程的负面影响。然后，我们探讨了将海马神经发生作为FASD治疗潜在靶点的可能性，方法是使用已知可刺激成年海马神经发生的药理学和神经生理学方法，这些方法目前可用于FASD患者的临床治疗。
