Li Yunyi, Cui Xiaoxian, Lin Ai, Tang Wei, Yang Yuying, Zhang Wanju, Hu Jiayu, Li Zhi, Zhou Yanqiu
Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201106, China.
EPI Department, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201106, China.
J Virus Erad. 2025 Mar 5;11(1):100589. doi: 10.1016/j.jve.2025.100589. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Measles is an acute and highly contagious viral disease that poses significant public health challenges globally. Since 2001, continuous virologic surveillance has been conducted in Shanghai, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the nucleoprotein (N gene) and fusion gene (F gene) of the measles virus (MeV) over a 21-year period. Between 2001 and 2022, there were a total of 1405 MeV strains isolated by the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and prevention (SCDC), including 6 strains of genotype D8, 8 strains of genotype B3, 12 strains of genotype H1b, and the remaining strains of genotype H1a. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify the 3' end of the N gene (450 nt) and the complete sequence of the F gene (1622 nt) from the viral isolates. Sequencing of the RT-PCR products was followed by nucleotide and amino acid phylogenetic analyses. The substitution rates were for the F and N genes in Shanghai were determined to be 0.89 × 10 and 2.20 × 10 substitutions siteyear, respectively. Globally, the nucleotide and amino acid similarities of the N gene among 13,498 MeV isolates ranged from 89.1 %-100.0 % and 90.2 %-100.0 %, respectively. Notably, the F gene exhibited 16 high-amino-acid-mutation sites, most of which differed among H1a MeV strains compared to the Shanghai-191 vaccine strain. The deletion of the glycosylation site at aa 9-11(NVS) was primarily observed in H1a and H1b of MeV strains. However, critical functional sites in the F gene remained conserved. In conclusion, the previously predominant indigenous H1a wild-type measles virus (MeV) has not been detected for over two years, with only imported MeV genotypes currently being identified. It is crucial to strengthen the surveillance of MeV genotypes to facilitate the timely identification and containment of imported measles cases, thereby preventing potential outbreaks.
麻疹是一种急性且具有高度传染性的病毒性疾病，在全球范围内构成重大的公共卫生挑战。自2001年以来，上海持续开展了病毒学监测，从而能够对麻疹病毒（MeV）核蛋白（N基因）和融合基因（F基因）在21年期间的演变进行全面分析。2001年至2022年期间，上海市疾病预防控制中心（SCDC）共分离出1405株MeV毒株，其中包括6株D8基因型毒株、8株B3基因型毒株、12株H1b基因型毒株，其余为H1a基因型毒株。采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）从病毒分离物中扩增N基因的3'末端（450 nt）和F基因的完整序列（1622 nt）。对RT-PCR产物进行测序后，进行核苷酸和氨基酸系统发育分析。确定上海地区F基因和N基因的替换率分别为0.89×10和2.20×10替换位点/年。在全球范围内，13498株MeV分离株中N基因的核苷酸和氨基酸相似性分别为89.1%-100.0%和90.2%-100.0%。值得注意的是，F基因表现出16个高氨基酸突变位点，与上海-191疫苗株相比，其中大多数在H1a MeV毒株中有所不同。在MeV毒株的H1a和H1b中主要观察到第9-11位氨基酸（NVS）糖基化位点的缺失。然而，F基因中的关键功能位点保持保守。总之，两年多来未检测到先前占主导地位的本土H1a野生型麻疹病毒（MeV），目前仅发现输入性MeV基因型。加强对MeV基因型的监测对于及时识别和控制输入性麻疹病例、从而预防潜在疫情爆发至关重要。
