Abdelkader Aml Saeed Mohamed, Abd El-Ghafour Mohamed, Dehis Heba Mohamed, El Sharaby Fouad Aly, Labib Amr H
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, 11 El Sarayat St., El Manial, Cairo, Egypt.
J Orofac Orthop. 2025 Mar 25. doi: 10.1007/s00056-025-00577-y.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the rate of upper canine retraction utilizing three different sizes of archwires.
In all, 36 upper canines of 18 adult females (21 ± 5 years) were allocated into three-arm parallel groups where canine retraction was attempted. In the first group (G16) 0.016-0.022-inch stainless steel wires (SS) were applied, in the second group (G17) 0.017-0.025-inch SS, and in the third group (G19) 0.019-0.025-inch SS, respectively. The eligibility criteria included patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion that required extraction of first premolars as part of their treatment, mild crowding (< 5 mm), and full permanent dentition. Patients with active periodontal disease, systemic disease, medications or habits that would affect tooth movement were excluded. Randomization was performed using computer-generated numbers and the participants were allocated to each group according to their number in the randomization sheet. Canines were retracted using a closed nickel-titanium coil spring applying 1.5 N retraction force. The primary outcome of the study was the rate of canine retraction measured on three-dimensional (3D) digital models. Secondary outcomes were changes in canine tipping and root length that were assessed with CBCT scans, and the amount of first molar anchorage loss measured on the 3D digital models. The study was double blinded in which both the participants and the outcome assessor were blinded. Data were analyzed using ANOVA for the three groups. Paired sample t-test was used within each group.
A total of 32 canines were analyzed: 12 in G16, 10 in G17, and 10 in G19. The average distance moved by the canines per month was 0.9 ± 0.89, 0.68 ± 0.81, and 0.76 ± 0.98 mm in G16, G17, and G19, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the three groups (P = 0.2). A statistically significant root resorption was observed in G19 compared to the other two groups (P = 0.024). Additionally, anchorage loss was greater in G17 and G19 compared to G16. A nonsignificant difference was detected between the three groups regarding the change in canine tipping. No harms were reported during the trial.
Archwire sizes utilized in the current study showed no significant effect on the rate of canine retraction or tipping. However, wires with large sizes had more adverse effects with respect to root resorption and anchorage loss.
The trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov with ID: NCT04020952.
本研究的目的是调查使用三种不同尺寸弓丝时上颌尖牙的后移速率。
总共将18名成年女性（21±5岁）的36颗上颌尖牙分配到三个平行组中尝试尖牙后移。第一组（G16）应用0.016 - 0.022英寸不锈钢丝（SS），第二组（G17）应用0.017 - 0.025英寸SS，第三组（G19）应用0.019 - 0.025英寸SS）。纳入标准包括上颌牙牙槽前突且治疗需要拔除第一前磨牙的患者、轻度牙列拥挤（<5mm）以及恒牙列完全。排除患有活动性牙周病、全身性疾病、会影响牙齿移动的药物或习惯的患者。使用计算机生成的数字进行随机分组，参与者根据随机分组表中的编号分配到每组。使用施加1.5N后移力的闭合镍钛螺旋弹簧使尖牙后移。本研究的主要结果是在三维（3D）数字模型上测量的尖牙后移速率。次要结果是通过CBCT扫描评估的尖牙倾斜和牙根长度的变化，以及在3D数字模型上测量的第一磨牙支抗丧失量。该研究采用双盲设计，参与者和结果评估者均不知情。对三组数据进行方差分析。每组内使用配对样本t检验。
共分析了32颗尖牙：G16组12颗，G17组10颗，G19组10颗。G16、G17和G19组尖牙每月平均移动距离分别为0.9±0.89、0.68±0.81和0.76±0.98mm，三组之间无统计学显著差异（P = 0.2）。与其他两组相比，G19组观察到有统计学显著意义的牙根吸收（P = 0.024）。此外，与G16组相比，G17组和G19组的支抗丧失更大。三组在尖牙倾斜变化方面未检测到显著差异。试验期间未报告不良事件。
本研究中使用的弓丝尺寸对尖牙后移速率或倾斜无显著影响。然而，较大尺寸的弓丝在牙根吸收和支抗丧失方面有更多不良影响。
该试验在Clinicaltrials.gov注册，注册号：NCT04020952。
