Martens Elise, Hritz Rachel, Clifford Craig, Mullin Christine, Camero Corrine, Shiu Kai-Biu, Chan Catherine, Del Alcazar Chelsea, DeRegis Carol, Donnelly Lindsay, Marker Bryan, Purzycka Katarzyna, Vickery Kathryn
Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
BluePearl Malvern, Malvern, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 2025 May-Jun;39(3):e70042. doi: 10.1111/jvim.70042.
Chemotherapy extravasation is a potentially serious complication. There is a paucity of information in the veterinary literature investigating extravasation events, treatments, and outcomes.
Evaluate chemotherapy extravasation events and treatments in dogs and cats, adverse events (AEs), and overall outcomes.
Twenty dogs and three cats were included.
Retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study including dogs or cats with suspected extravasation from chemotherapy. Information obtained included: signalment, extravasation details and treatment provided, AEs graded according to VCOG-CTCAE v2 criteria, and outcome.
The most common drug extravasated was doxorubicin, followed by carboplatin. Carboplatin extravasation (n = 5) resulted in Grades III-IV AEs, all of which required surgical debridement. Doxorubicin extravasation (n = 9) resulted in Grades 0-V AEs, two of which amputation was ultimately recommended, and one of those two was euthanized instead. Extravasation of vinca alkaloids (n = 5) and rabacfosadine (n = 1) resulted in Grades II-III AEs, all managed in the outpatient setting. Mitoxantrone (n = 2) and dacarbazine (n = 1) extravasation resulted in no clinical signs associated with extravasation injury. Seventy-eight percent (18/23) cases had extravasation occur during one of the first four treatments of chemotherapy, with 30% (7/23) occurring during the first chemotherapy treatment.
Most cases (20/23) had mild to moderate or no AEs. Findings support that carboplatin should be considered a vesicant.
化疗药物外渗是一种潜在的严重并发症。兽医文献中关于外渗事件、治疗方法及结果的信息较少。
评估犬猫化疗药物外渗事件及治疗方法、不良事件（AE）和总体结果。
纳入20只犬和3只猫。
回顾性、多中心、描述性研究，纳入疑似化疗药物外渗的犬猫。获取的信息包括：特征、外渗细节及所提供的治疗、根据VCOG-CTCAE v2标准分级的AE和结果。
最常发生外渗的药物是多柔比星，其次是卡铂。卡铂外渗（n = 5）导致III-IV级AE，所有病例均需手术清创。多柔比星外渗（n = 9）导致0-V级AE，其中2例最终建议截肢，其中1例改为实施安乐死。长春花生物碱外渗（n = 5）和雷巴福沙定外渗（n = 1）导致II-III级AE，均在门诊处理。米托蒽醌外渗（n = 2）和达卡巴嗪外渗（n = 1）未出现与外渗损伤相关的临床症状。78%（18/23）的病例在化疗的前四次治疗中的一次出现外渗，30%（7/23）发生在首次化疗期间。
大多数病例（20/23）出现轻度至中度AE或无AE。研究结果支持卡铂应被视为一种发泡剂。
