一所兽医教学医院收治马匹的金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔定植患病率及危险因素

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in Horses Admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital.

作者信息

Allano Marion, Arsenault Julie, Archambault Marie, Fairbrother Julie-Hélène, Sauvé Frédéric

机构信息

Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada.

Research Chair in Antimicrobial Surveillance and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health, Epidemiology of Zoonoses and Public Health Research Unit (GREZOSP) and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada.

出版信息

J Vet Intern Med. 2025 May-Jun;39(3):e70027. doi: 10.1111/jvim.70027.

DOI:10.1111/jvim.70027

PMID:40135807

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11938290/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial infections, including in veterinary settings.

HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence, risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and MRSA colonization, and the duration of MRSA colonization.

ANIMALS

Elective cases admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital were recruited (228 horses).

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted over 3 years. Nasal swabs were collected at admission and cultured for SA. Methicillin-resistant isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) technology, oxacillin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and PCR testing. Horses colonized with MRSA were resampled until two negative cultures were obtained. Stabling management, activity, and medical history were obtained from owners and medical files. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to model associations between risk factors and colonization.

RESULTS

The prevalence of SA and of MRSA nasal carriage was 17.5% (95% CI: 12.4-22.7) and 6.2% (95% CI: 2.9-9.4), respectively. Of the 10 horses colonized by MRSA and monitored over time, only one tested positive after 3 months. More than 10 horses on the premises (OR 6.0 - 95% CI 1.1-64.2), previous hospitalization (OR 6.0 - 95% CI 1.0-35.2), and year of admission (2022 vs. 2020-2021; OR 9.0 - 95% CI 1.7-92.2) were associated with MRSA nasal carriage.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE

The prevalence of MRSA nasal colonization is of concern; however, the carriage seems transitory. Apart from the medical risk factors, the importance of social interactions in MRSA transmission needs to be elucidated in horses.

摘要

背景

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）是包括兽医环境在内的医院感染的主要原因。

假设/目标：调查金黄色葡萄球菌（SA）和MRSA定植的患病率、危险因素以及MRSA定植的持续时间。

动物

招募入住兽医教学医院的择期病例（228匹马）。

方法

进行了一项为期3年的横断面研究。入院时采集鼻拭子并培养SA。使用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间（MALDI-TOF）技术、苯唑西林最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和PCR检测鉴定耐甲氧西林分离株。对定植MRSA的马进行重新采样，直到获得两次阴性培养结果。从马主和病历中获取厩舍管理、活动和病史信息。使用多变量逻辑回归对危险因素与定植之间的关联进行建模。

结果

SA和MRSA鼻携带率分别为17.5%（95%CI：12.4-22.7）和6.2%（95%CI：2.9-9.4）。在10匹定植MRSA并进行长期监测的马中，只有1匹在3个月后检测呈阳性。场内超过10匹马（OR 6.0 - 95%CI 1.1-64.2）、既往住院史（OR 6.0 - 95%CI 1.0-35.2）和入院年份（2022年与2020-2021年；OR 9.0 - 95%CI 1.7-92.2）与MRSA鼻携带有关。