de Lagarde Maud, Larrieu Caroline, Praud Karine, Schouler Catherine, Doublet Benoît, Sallé Guillaume, Fairbrother John M, Arsenault Julie
OIE Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
ISP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France.
J Vet Intern Med. 2019 Mar;33(2):902-911. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15415. Epub 2019 Jan 15.
Although antimicrobial resistance is increasingly common in equine medicine, molecular and epidemiological data remains scarce.
We estimated the prevalence of, and risk factors for, shedding of multidrug resistant (MDR), extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, and AmpC β-lactamase-producing, or some combination of these in Escherichia coli in horses in France. We characterized ESBL/AmpC isolates for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of virulence and ESBL/AmpC-associated resistance genes.
Fecal samples from healthy adult horses at 41 premises were collected. A questionnaire was completed by each premises manager. A subset of these samples was tested to build 2 bacterial collections.
Indicator (without enrichment) and specific (enrichment with ceftriaxone) E. coli tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Prevalence of isolates nonsusceptible to antimicrobials was estimated at the horse and the premises level. The ESBL/AmpC and virulence genes were identified by PCR. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate risk factors for MDR and ESBL/AmpC isolates at premises.
Approximately 44% of horses shed MDR E. coli. Resistance most commonly was observed to ampicillin, streptomycin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Twenty-nine percent of premises housed horses shedding ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates. The ESBL/AmpC gene most commonly identified was bla . Virulence gene iutA was identified in 1 ESBL/AmpC-producing isolate. Medical treatment, staff numbers, and activity were identified as risk factors for housing horses shedding ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates.
Prevalence of healthy horses harboring ESBL/AmpC genes and MDR isolates in their intestinal microbiota is substantial. Risk factors could be used to elaborate guidelines to prevent their dissemination.
尽管抗菌药物耐药性在马医学中越来越普遍，但分子和流行病学数据仍然稀缺。
我们估计了法国马匹中产生多重耐药（MDR）、超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）和AmpCβ-内酰胺酶或这些情况某种组合的大肠杆菌的携带率及危险因素。我们对ESBL/AmpC分离株的抗菌药物敏感性以及毒力和ESBL/AmpC相关耐药基因的存在情况进行了特征分析。
收集了41个场所健康成年马的粪便样本。每个场所的管理人员填写了一份问卷。对这些样本的一个子集进行检测以建立2个细菌库。
对指示菌（不富集）和特定菌（用头孢曲松富集）大肠杆菌进行抗菌药物敏感性检测。在马匹和场所层面估计对抗菌药物不敏感分离株的携带率。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）鉴定ESBL/AmpC和毒力基因。使用多变量逻辑回归研究场所中MDR和ESBL/AmpC分离株的危险因素。
约44%的马匹携带MDR大肠杆菌。最常观察到对氨苄西林、链霉素和阿莫西林/克拉维酸耐药。29%的场所饲养的马匹携带产生ESBL/AmpC的分离株。最常鉴定出的ESBL/AmpC基因是bla。在1株产生ESBL/AmpC的分离株中鉴定出毒力基因iutA。医疗治疗、工作人员数量和活动被确定为饲养携带产生ESBL/AmpC大肠杆菌分离株马匹的危险因素。
健康马匹肠道微生物群中携带ESBL/AmpC基因和MDR分离株的情况很普遍。危险因素可用于制定预防其传播的指南。
