De Angelis Nicola, Denegri Lorenzo, Miron Ioana Cristina, Yumang Catherine, Pesce Paolo, Baldi Domenico, Delucchi Francesca, Bagnasco Francesco, Menini Maria
Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 16121 Genoa, Italy.
Private Practice, 010001 Bucharest, Romania.
Dent J (Basel). 2025 Feb 28;13(3):107. doi: 10.3390/dj13030107.
Third-molar extractions are common procedures often complicated by infections and alveolitis. The use of antibiotics as prophylaxis to prevent these complications is debated due to potential risks and side effects. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review was to determine the efficacy of antibiotic prescription for the prevention of these complications.
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, and SCOPUS databases up until June 2024. The focused question was "Does the antibiotic prescription influence the incidence of postoperative complications following third-molar extractions in healthy patients?" Systematic reviews assessing complications after third-molar extractions were included.
A total of 16 studies were included, revealing that antibiotic use significantly reduces infection risk and dry socket incidence compared to no prescription. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was particularly effective.
Antibiotics, especially amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, are effective in preventing postoperative infections and alveolitis after third-molar extraction. However, their administration should be carefully considered to balance benefits against potential risks. Evidence supports the judicious use of antibiotics in dental surgery to optimize patient outcomes, minimizing possible adverse effects and the risk of developing antibiotic resistance.
拔除第三磨牙是常见的手术，常因感染和干槽症而复杂化。由于潜在风险和副作用，使用抗生素作为预防这些并发症的措施存在争议。因此，本系统评价的目的是确定预防性使用抗生素预防这些并发症的疗效。
截至2024年6月，在MEDLINE/PubMed、Cochrane和SCOPUS数据库中进行了全面的文献检索。重点问题是“抗生素处方是否会影响健康患者拔除第三磨牙后术后并发症的发生率？”纳入了评估第三磨牙拔除术后并发症的系统评价。
共纳入16项研究，结果显示与未开处方相比，使用抗生素可显著降低感染风险和干槽症发生率。阿莫西林-克拉维酸尤其有效。
抗生素，尤其是阿莫西林-克拉维酸，在预防第三磨牙拔除术后的感染和干槽症方面是有效的。然而，应谨慎考虑使用抗生素，以权衡其益处与潜在风险。有证据支持在牙科手术中明智地使用抗生素，以优化患者的治疗效果，将可能的不良反应和产生抗生素耐药性的风险降至最低。
