Florio Furno Matteo, Laizé Vincent, Arduino Irene, Pham Giang Nam, Spina Federica, Mehiri Mohamed, Lembo David, Gavaia Paulo J, Varese Giovanna Cristina
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Mar Drugs. 2025 Mar 7;23(3):115. doi: 10.3390/md23030115.
Marine microplastics (MPs) represent a novel ecological niche, populated by fungi with high potential for pharmaceutical discovery. This study explores the bioactivity of fungal strains isolated from MPs in Mediterranean sediments, focusing on their osteogenic and antiviral activities. Crude extracts prepared via solid-state and submerged-state fermentation were tested for their effects on extracellular matrix mineralization in vitro and bone growth in zebrafish larvae, and for their activity against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Several extracts exhibited significant mineralogenic and osteogenic activities, with MUT6581 and MUT6558 being the most performing ones. Antiviral assays identified extracts from MUT6581 and MUT6589 as effective against RSV and HSV-2 at different extents, with no cytotoxic effect. Although chemical profiling of MUT6581 extract led to the isolation of decumbenones A and B, they did not reproduce the observed bioactivities, suggesting the involvement of other active compounds or synergistic effects. These results highlight the plastisphere as a valuable resource for novel bioactive compounds and suggest the need for further fractionation and characterization to identify the molecules responsible for these promising activities.
海洋微塑料（MPs）代表了一个新的生态位，其中栖息着具有很高药物发现潜力的真菌。本研究探索了从地中海沉积物中的微塑料分离出的真菌菌株的生物活性，重点关注它们的成骨和抗病毒活性。通过固态发酵和深层发酵制备的粗提物，测试了其对体外细胞外基质矿化和斑马鱼幼体骨骼生长的影响，以及对呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和2型单纯疱疹病毒（HSV - 2）的活性。几种提取物表现出显著的矿化和成骨活性，其中MUT6581和MUT6558表现最佳。抗病毒试验确定，来自MUT6581和MUT6589的提取物在不同程度上对RSV和HSV - 2有效，且无细胞毒性作用。尽管对MUT6581提取物的化学分析导致分离出了去甲二萜酮A和B，但它们并未重现所观察到的生物活性，这表明其他活性化合物或协同效应的参与。这些结果突出了塑料球作为新型生物活性化合物的宝贵资源，并表明需要进一步分离和表征以鉴定负责这些有前景活性的分子。
