Zakharova Olga V, Gusev Alexander A, Baranchikov Peter A, Chebotaryova Svetlana P, Razlivalova Svetlana S, Koiava Elina Y, Kataranova Anna A, Grigoriev Gregory V, Strekalova Nataliya S, Krutovsky Konstantin V
Scientific and Educational Center for Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392020 Tambov, Russia.
Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Mar 20;15(6):469. doi: 10.3390/nano15060469.
Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) attract much attention as a promising antimicrobial agent. We studied the antibacterial properties of three types of CuO NPs against bacteria: flake-shaped particles with a diameter of 50-200 nm and a thickness of 10-20 nm (CuO-CD synthesized by chemical deposition), spherical particles with a size of 20-90 nm (CuO-EE obtained by electrical explosion), and rod-shaped particles with a length of 100-200 nm and a diameter of 30 × 70 nm (CuO-CS commercial sample). We tested how the shape, size, and concentration of the NPs, and composition of the dispersion medium affected the properties of the CuO NPs. We prepared dispersions based on distilled water, a 0.9% NaCl solution, and the LB broth by Lennox and used Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as stabilizers. The concentration of NPs was 1-100 mg L. We showed that the dispersion medium composition and stabilizer type had the greatest influence on the antibacterial effects of CuO NPs. We observed the maximum antibacterial effect for all CuO NP types dispersed in water without a stabilizer, as well as in LB broth with the SDS stabilizer. The maximum inhibition of culture growth was observed under the influence of CuO-EE (by 30%) and in the LB broth with the SDS stabilizer (by 1.3-1.8 times depending on the type of particles). In the saline solution, the antibacterial effects were minimal; in some cases, the CuO NPs even promoted bacterial culture growth. SDS increased the antibacterial effects of NPs in broth and saline but decreased them in water. Finally, among the particle types, CuO-CS turned out to be the most bactericidal, which is probably due to their rod-shaped morphology and small diameter. At the same time, the concentration and aggregation effects of CuO NPs in the colloidal systems we studied did not have a linear action on their antibacterial properties. These results can be used in the development of antibacterial coatings and preparations based on CuO NPs to achieve their maximum efficiency, taking into account the expected conditions of their use.
氧化铜纳米颗粒（CuO NPs）作为一种有前景的抗菌剂备受关注。我们研究了三种类型的CuO NPs对细菌的抗菌性能：直径为50 - 200 nm、厚度为10 - 20 nm的片状颗粒（通过化学沉积合成的CuO-CD）、尺寸为20 - 90 nm的球形颗粒（通过电爆炸获得的CuO-EE）以及长度为100 - 200 nm、直径为30×70 nm的棒状颗粒（CuO-CS商业样品）。我们测试了纳米颗粒的形状、尺寸、浓度以及分散介质的组成如何影响CuO NPs的性能。我们基于蒸馏水、0.9%的NaCl溶液以及Lennox的LB肉汤制备了分散液，并使用 Triton X-100和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）作为稳定剂。纳米颗粒的浓度为1 - 100 mg/L。我们发现分散介质组成和稳定剂类型对CuO NPs的抗菌效果影响最大。我们观察到，对于所有类型的CuO NPs，在没有稳定剂的水中以及含有SDS稳定剂的LB肉汤中分散时，抗菌效果最佳。在CuO-EE的影响下（抑制30%）以及在含有SDS稳定剂的LB肉汤中（根据颗粒类型抑制1.3 - 1.8倍）观察到对培养物生长的最大抑制。在盐溶液中，抗菌效果最小；在某些情况下，CuO NPs甚至促进了细菌培养物的生长。SDS增加了纳米颗粒在肉汤和盐溶液中的抗菌效果，但在水中则降低了抗菌效果。最后，在颗粒类型中，CuO-CS被证明是最具杀菌性的，这可能归因于它们的棒状形态和小直径。同时，我们研究的胶体系统中CuO NPs的浓度和聚集效应与其抗菌性能并非呈线性关系。这些结果可用于开发基于CuO NPs的抗菌涂层和制剂，以在考虑其预期使用条件的情况下实现其最大效率。
