Yoo Minhee, Bahg Giwon, Turner Brandon, Krajbich Ian
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2025 Mar 26. doi: 10.3758/s13415-025-01285-1.
Retrospective judgments require decision-makers to gather information over time and integrate that information into a summary statistic like the average. Many retrospective judgments require putting equal weight on early and late information, in contrast to prospective judgments that involve predicting the future and so rely more on late information. We investigate how people weight information over time when continuously reporting the average stimulus strength in a sequence of displays. We investigate the consistency of these temporal profiles across perceptual and value-based tasks using both behavior and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We found that people display remarkably consistent temporal weighting functions across choice domains, with a generally strong recency bias and modest primacy bias. The fMRI data revealed evidence-tracking activity in the cuneus in both tasks and in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the value-based task. Finally, a network of cognitive control regions is more active for people who exhibit a stronger primacy vs. recency bias. Together, our behavioral findings indicate that people consistently overweight recency when evaluating past information, and the neural data suggest that overcoming this tendency may require cognitive control.
回顾性判断要求决策者随着时间的推移收集信息，并将这些信息整合为一个汇总统计量，如平均值。与涉及预测未来、因此更多依赖后期信息的前瞻性判断不同，许多回顾性判断要求对早期和晚期信息给予同等权重。我们研究了人们在连续报告一系列显示中的平均刺激强度时，如何随着时间的推移对信息进行加权。我们使用行为和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）数据，研究了这些时间特征在感知任务和基于价值的任务中的一致性。我们发现，人们在不同的选择领域中表现出非常一致的时间加权函数，普遍存在强烈的近因偏差和适度的首因偏差。fMRI数据显示，在两项任务中楔叶以及在基于价值的任务中左侧背外侧前额叶皮层均存在证据追踪活动。最后，对于表现出更强首因与近因偏差的人来说，一个认知控制区域网络会更加活跃。总的来说，我们的行为研究结果表明，人们在评估过去的信息时始终过度重视近因，而神经数据表明，克服这种倾向可能需要认知控制。
