Lv Ye, Xu Hong, Sun Zhou, Liu Muwen, Xu Shanshan, Wang Jing, Li Chaokang, Ye Hui, Yang Xuhui
Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hangzhou Health Supervision Institution), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 26;15(1):10410. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95085-9.
At present, with increasing awareness of the relationship between respiratory disease and air pollution, it is critical to assess the environmental risk factors for influenza. This study aimed to estimate the associations between ambient air pollution and the number of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Hangzhou, China, from 2015 to 2021. Weekly meteorological data, including average ambient temperature and average relative humidity, from December 29, 2014 to January 2, 2022 were collected from the Hangzhou Meteorological Service Center, and air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO), ground-level ozone (O), particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM), and PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM), were collected from National Ambient Air Quality Automatic Monitoring Stations in Hangzhou. The number of weekly ILI cases was collected from 15 influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Hangzhou. A generalized linear model (GLM) with quasi-Poisson regression was adopted to estimate the association between air pollution and ILI. After adjusting for the effects of average temperature, relative humidity, and seasonal and long-term trends, PM, PM, NO, and SO were found to be significantly associated with the number of ILI cases, with relative risk (RR) values of 1.018 (95% CI 1.001-1.036), 1.016 (1.005-1.028), 1.063 (1.067-1.364), and 1.207 (1.067-1.364), respectively. In the two-pollutant model, putting PM, PM, NO, or SO into the model separately with O produced results similar to those of the single-pollutant model. PM, PM, and NO have statistical significance in cold seasons, with the RR values of 1.020 (95% CI 1.001-1.038), 1.012 (95% CI 1.000-1.024), and 1.060 (95% CI 1.031-1.090), respectively. In summary, our study found that most air pollutants (PM, PM, NO, and SO) have a significant association with the risk of ILI cases in Hangzhou. These findings can serve as a reference for the formulation of effective protective measures.
目前，随着人们对呼吸系统疾病与空气污染之间关系的认识不断提高，评估流感的环境风险因素至关重要。本研究旨在估算2015年至2021年中国杭州环境空气污染与流感样病例（ILI）数量之间的关联。从杭州市气象服务中心收集了2014年12月29日至2022年1月2日的每周气象数据，包括平均环境温度和平均相对湿度，并从杭州市国家环境空气质量自动监测站收集了空气污染物，包括二氧化氮（NO）、二氧化硫（SO）、地面臭氧（O）、空气动力学直径≤2.5μm的颗粒物（PM）和空气动力学直径≤10μm的颗粒物（PM）。每周ILI病例数来自杭州15家流感监测哨点医院。采用具有准泊松回归的广义线性模型（GLM）来估算空气污染与ILI之间的关联。在调整了平均温度、相对湿度以及季节和长期趋势的影响后，发现PM、PM、NO和SO与ILI病例数显著相关，相对风险（RR）值分别为1.018（95%CI 1.001 - 1.036）、1.016（1.005 - 1.028）、1.063（1.067 - 1.364）和1.207（1.067 - 1.364）。在双污染物模型中，将PM、PM、NO或SO与O分别纳入模型产生的结果与单污染物模型相似。PM、PM和NO在寒冷季节具有统计学意义，RR值分别为1.020（95%CI 1.001 - 1.038）、1.012（95%CI 1.000 - 1.024）和1.060（95%CI 1.031 - 1.090）。总之，我们的研究发现，大多数空气污染物（PM、PM、NO和SO）与杭州ILI病例风险显著相关。这些发现可为制定有效的防护措施提供参考。
