Barrett D E, Radke-Yarrow M
Am J Clin Nutr. 1985 Jul;42(1):102-20. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/42.1.102.
The effects of caloric supplementation for pregnant women and children from an endemically malnourished population on children's school age behavior were examined. The child's abilities to respond to routinely stressful problem-solving situations and to interact appropriately with peers were the dependent variables. Seventy-eight boys and 60 girls in rural Guatemala received different amounts of food supplementation, pre- and postnatally, as part of the INCAP Longitudinal Study. Children were classified as High or Low Supplementation, based on supplemental caloric intake prenatally and from birth to four years. When measured at 6 to 8 yr, High Supplementation children showed more interest in and exploration of a novel environment, more involvement in a competitive game, greater persistence on a frustrating task, better motor impulse control, and greater initiative across several group tasks than did Low Supplementation children. In free play with peers, the High Supplementation children showed more frequent happy affect, social involvement, and moderate activity level, and were less frequently timid or anxious. Results are consistent with findings from studies on the effects of early undernutrition on infant behavior, and suggest that behavior impairments associated with early undernutrition have long-term consequences for the child's development.
研究了对来自地方性营养不良人群的孕妇和儿童进行热量补充，对儿童学龄期行为的影响。儿童应对日常压力性解决问题情境以及与同龄人适当互动的能力为因变量。作为中美洲营养研究所纵向研究的一部分，危地马拉农村的78名男孩和60名女孩在产前和产后接受了不同量的食物补充。根据产前以及从出生到4岁的补充热量摄入情况，儿童被分为高补充组或低补充组。在6至8岁时进行测量时，高补充组儿童比低补充组儿童对新环境表现出更多兴趣和探索行为，在竞争性游戏中参与度更高，在令人沮丧的任务上更有毅力，运动冲动控制更好，在多个小组任务中主动性更强。在与同龄人自由玩耍时，高补充组儿童表现出更频繁的愉快情绪、社交参与度和适度的活动水平，且较少表现出胆怯或焦虑。研究结果与早期营养不良对婴儿行为影响的研究结果一致，并表明与早期营养不良相关的行为损伤会对儿童发育产生长期影响。
