Poudyal Naveena, Takemoto Jon Y, Lin Yuan-Yu, Chang Cheng-Wei T
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA.
Molecules. 2025 Mar 19;30(6):1379. doi: 10.3390/molecules30061379.
Despite attracting interest for decades due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities, the use of biliverdin IXα (BV) in medicine and agriculture is hampered by uncertain purity and limited availability. A significant amount of effort has been devoted to the production and application of BV, but with limited success. Mesobiliverdin IXα (MBV), a natural BV analog derived from microalgae, offers a path to overcome the limitations of BV. MBV production is scalable, and it can be obtained at high purity. MBV and BV share important structural features (e.g., bridging propionate groups) and both are substrates of biliverdin reductase A (BVRA), and thus exert the same mechanisms and pathways for anti-inflammatory action. To enable the use of MBV in industry, especially in agriculture, a cost-effective product, mesobiliverdin-enriched microalgae (MEM), was developed. In this review, we focus on recent developments and investigations of MBV and MEM, and compare their effectiveness with BV and Spirulina. This review article highlights cost-effective and scalable production of MEM, the therapeutic potential of MBV in cytoprotection and anti-inflammation, and MEM as an animal feed additive for improved gut health and amelioration of osteoporosis. More studies are ongoing to expand the potential applications of both MBV and MEM from fundamental research to industrial and agricultural practices.
尽管数十年来，由于其抗炎和抗氧化能力，胆绿素IXα（BV）一直备受关注，但医药和农业领域对其的使用却因纯度不确定和供应有限而受到阻碍。人们在BV的生产和应用方面投入了大量精力，但成效有限。中胆绿素IXα（MBV）是一种源自微藻的天然BV类似物，为克服BV的局限性提供了一条途径。MBV的生产具有可扩展性，并且可以获得高纯度的产品。MBV和BV具有重要的结构特征（例如，桥连丙酸基团），并且都是胆绿素还原酶A（BVRA）的底物，因此在抗炎作用方面具有相同的机制和途径。为了使MBV能够应用于工业，特别是农业领域，人们开发了一种具有成本效益的产品——富含中胆绿素的微藻（MEM）。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注MBV和MEM的最新进展和研究，并将它们的有效性与BV和螺旋藻进行比较。这篇综述文章强调了MEM具有成本效益且可扩展的生产方式、MBV在细胞保护和抗炎方面的治疗潜力，以及MEM作为动物饲料添加剂对改善肠道健康和缓解骨质疏松症的作用。目前正在进行更多研究，以将MBV和MEM的潜在应用从基础研究扩展到工农业实践。
