Trybulski Robert, Gałęziok Kamil, Matuszczyk Filip, Halski Tomasz, Muracki Jarosław
Medical Department, The Wojciech Korfanty Upper Silesian Academy, 40-659 Katowice, Poland.
Provita Medical Center, 44-240 Żory, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2025 Mar 13;14(6):1955. doi: 10.3390/jcm14061955.
Injuries to the soleus muscle are often unrecognized, which increases the risk of complete tearing. Consequently, it results in the need for a long break in sports. This is mainly because the soleus muscle is complex, and the clinical signs of injury are difficult to capture, which can mimic Achilles tendinopathy and tennis player's calves. This muscle has a complex connective tissue structure with three intramuscular tendons, which makes it challenging to interpret pathological muscle conditions. Injuries to the soleus muscle can be acute or chronic and are usually considered to be a minor discomfort by both the patient and the sports medicine physician, leading to a relatively quick return to sports activity with a high risk of re-injury. This narrative literature review aims to explore the diagnostic challenges and treatment failures associated with soleus muscle injuries, highlighting the critical lack of standardized protocols and a comprehensive understanding of the nuances of these injuries, which requires the collection of qualitative data from clinical case studies, quantitative data from imaging studies and rehabilitation outcomes, and expert opinion to formulate evidence-based guidelines to improve patient management. Calf muscle pain symptoms should not be ignored because the injury may become chronic, and the lack of treatment adequate to the actual cause of the pain increases the risk of the injury deepening, including complete rupture. High-resolution ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are recommended methods for differentially diagnosing soleus muscle injury in conjunction with physical examination to make a precise and reliable diagnosis. A soleus muscle injury case report and a comprehensive proposal for conservative treatment supplement our literature review.
比目鱼肌损伤常常未被识别，这增加了完全撕裂的风险。因此，这导致需要长时间停止运动。这主要是因为比目鱼肌结构复杂，损伤的临床体征难以捕捉，可能会与跟腱病和网球腿相混淆。该肌肉具有复杂的结缔组织结构，包含三条肌内肌腱，这使得解读病理性肌肉状况具有挑战性。比目鱼肌损伤可以是急性的或慢性的，患者和运动医学医生通常都认为这只是轻微不适，从而导致相对较快地恢复运动活动，但再次受伤的风险很高。本叙述性文献综述旨在探讨与比目鱼肌损伤相关的诊断挑战和治疗失败情况，强调严重缺乏标准化方案以及对这些损伤细微差别缺乏全面了解，这需要从临床病例研究中收集定性数据、从影像学研究和康复结果中收集定量数据以及专家意见，以制定基于证据的指南来改善患者管理。小腿肌肉疼痛症状不应被忽视，因为损伤可能会变成慢性的，而且缺乏针对疼痛实际原因的充分治疗会增加损伤加重的风险，包括完全断裂。建议结合体格检查，使用高分辨率超声和磁共振成像来鉴别诊断比目鱼肌损伤，以做出准确可靠的诊断。一份比目鱼肌损伤病例报告以及一份保守治疗的综合建议补充了我们的文献综述。
