Maaloul Aya, Pérez Manríquez Claudia, Decara Juan, Marí-Beffa Manuel, Álvarez-Torres Daniel, Latorre Redoli Sofía, Martínez-Albardonedo Borja, Araya-Rojas Marisel, Fajardo Víctor, Abdala Díaz Roberto T
Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
Grice Hutchinson Experimental Centre, Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), University of Málaga, Lomas de San Julián, 29004 Málaga, Spain.
Pharmaceutics. 2025 Mar 5;17(3):335. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17030335.
: This study explores the bioactive potential of biomass and its polysaccharides (PsBu) through comprehensive biochemical and bioactivity analyses, focusing on their antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antihyperglycemic properties. : Elemental analysis determined the biomass's chemical composition. Antioxidant activity was assessed using ABTS and DPPH assays. Monosaccharide composition was analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vitro cytotoxicity assays were conducted on cancer and normal cell lines to determine IC values and selectivity indices (SI). Zebrafish embryo toxicity was evaluated for teratogenic effects, and an in vivo antihyperglycemic study was performed in diabetic rat models. : The biomass exhibited high carbon content (around 41%) and nitrogen levels, with a balanced C/N ratio nearing 5. Protein content exceeded 50%, alongside significant carbohydrate, fiber, and ash levels. Antioxidant assays revealed inhibition rates of approximately 89% (ABTS) and 64% (DPPH). GC-MS analysis identified glucose as the predominant sugar (>80%), followed by galactose and mannose. Additionally, HPLC detected a photoprotective compound, potentially a mycosporin-like amino acid. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated PsBu's selective activity against colon, lung, and melanoma cancer cell lines (IC: 100-500 µg·mL), while effects on normal cell lines were lower (IC > 1300 µg·mL for HaCaT, >2500 µg·mL for HGF-1), with SI values approaching 27, supporting PsBu's potential as a targeted anticancer agent. Zebrafish embryo assays yielded LC values ranging from 1.4 to 1.8 mg·mL. In vivo, PsBu reduced fasting blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic rats (approximately 210 mg·dL vs. 230 mg·dL in controls) and preserved pancreatic β-cell integrity (around 80% vs. 65% in controls). : These findings suggest that biomass and PsBu exhibit strong antioxidant activity, selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells, and antihyperglycemic potential, making them promising candidates for further biomedical applications.
本研究通过全面的生化和生物活性分析，探讨了生物质及其多糖（PsBu）的生物活性潜力，重点关注其抗氧化、细胞毒性和抗高血糖特性。元素分析确定了生物质的化学成分。使用ABTS和DPPH测定法评估抗氧化活性。通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）分析单糖组成。对癌症和正常细胞系进行体外细胞毒性测定，以确定IC值和选择性指数（SI）。评估斑马鱼胚胎毒性的致畸作用，并在糖尿病大鼠模型中进行体内抗高血糖研究。该生物质表现出高碳含量（约41%）和氮水平，C/N比平衡接近5。蛋白质含量超过50%，同时碳水化合物、纤维和灰分含量也较高。抗氧化测定显示抑制率约为89%（ABTS）和64%（DPPH）。GC - MS分析确定葡萄糖为主要糖类（>80%），其次是半乳糖和甘露糖。此外，高效液相色谱检测到一种光保护化合物，可能是一种类菌孢素氨基酸。细胞毒性测定表明，PsBu对结肠、肺和黑色素瘤癌细胞系具有选择性活性（IC：100 - 500 μg·mL），而对正常细胞系的影响较低（HaCaT的IC>1300 μg·mL，HGF - 1的IC>2500 μg·mL），SI值接近27，支持PsBu作为靶向抗癌剂的潜力。斑马鱼胚胎试验的LC值范围为1.4至1.8 mg·mL。在体内，PsBu降低了高血糖大鼠的空腹血糖水平（约210 mg·dL，而对照组为230 mg·dL），并保留了胰腺β细胞的完整性（约80%，而对照组为65%）。这些发现表明，生物质和PsBu具有强大的抗氧化活性、对癌细胞的选择性细胞毒性和抗高血糖潜力，使其成为进一步生物医学应用的有希望的候选者。
