Regensteiner Judith G, McNeil Melissa, Faubion Stephanie S, Bairey-Merz C Noel, Gulati Martha, Joffe Hadine, Redberg Rita F, Rosen Stacey E, Reusch Jane Eb, Klein Wendy
Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ludeman Family Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
Lancet Reg Health Am. 2025 Mar 14;44:101037. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2025.101037. eCollection 2025 Apr.
It is now recognized that there are significant differences between the sexes affecting prevalence, incidence, and severity over a broad range of diseases, although the extent of the differences is not fully elucidated. Until the early 1990s, women were excluded from most clinical trials and the limited research including women focused primarily on diseases affecting fertility and reproduction. For these reasons, the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic diseases in women continue to be based primarily on historical findings in men, and sex-specific clinical guidelines are often lacking. Many illnesses, ranging from cardiovascular disease to cancer to mental health issues, for example, differ by sex in terms of prevalence and adverse effects. Research is needed to understand how medically relevant biological sex differences optimally inform sex-specific prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for women and men. In this way, sex-specific clinical guidelines can be developed where warranted, using evidence-based data.
现在人们认识到，在广泛的疾病中，性别之间存在显著差异，这些差异会影响疾病的患病率、发病率和严重程度，尽管差异的程度尚未完全阐明。直到20世纪90年代初，大多数临床试验都将女性排除在外，而包括女性在内的有限研究主要集中在影响生育和生殖的疾病上。由于这些原因，女性慢性病的预防、诊断和治疗仍然主要基于男性的历史研究结果，而且往往缺乏针对性别的临床指南。例如，从心血管疾病到癌症再到心理健康问题等许多疾病，在患病率和不良反应方面存在性别差异。需要开展研究，以了解医学上相关的生物性别差异如何以最佳方式为针对女性和男性的性别特异性预防、诊断和治疗策略提供信息。通过这种方式，可以在有必要的情况下，利用循证数据制定针对性别的临床指南。
