Dong Jiajia, Yu Xiao, Liang Yazhu, Zhang Honglei, Sun Haili, Guo Rui
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2025 Mar 27;20(3):e0318145. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318145. eCollection 2025.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases the risk of olfactory disorder (OD), which may serve as an early warning of adverse health consequences. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for early detection of OD in patients with OSA.
We retrospectively analyzed 125 patients with OSA at Beijing Anzhen Hospital for the development and internal validation of the nomogram. For external validation, 30 patients with OSA were recruited from the Air Force Medical Center. The included participants completed polysomnography (PSG) and the Sniffin' Sticks test. Patients with OSA were divided into two groups: OSA with OD and OSA without OD.
The nomogram included age, sex, and time spent with oxygen saturation below 90%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the nomogram was 0.814 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.673-0.955) for the internal validation group, and 0.778 (95% CI: 0.601-0.955) for the external validation group. The nomogram exhibited excellent discrimination and calibration, showing substantial benefits in clinical applications.
The present nomogram developed based on clinical characteristics and PSG features can serve as a convenient tool for clinicians to detect OD in OSA, aiding in patient stratification and personalized treatment.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）会增加嗅觉障碍（OD）的风险，而嗅觉障碍可能是不良健康后果的早期预警信号。在本研究中，我们旨在开发并验证一种用于早期检测阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者嗅觉障碍的列线图。
我们回顾性分析了北京安贞医院的125例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者，以进行列线图的开发和内部验证。为进行外部验证，我们从空军医疗中心招募了30例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者。纳入的参与者完成了多导睡眠图（PSG）检查和嗅觉棒测试。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者被分为两组：伴有嗅觉障碍的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停组和不伴有嗅觉障碍的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停组。
列线图纳入了年龄、性别以及血氧饱和度低于90%的时长。列线图在内部验证组中的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.814（95%置信区间[CI]：0.673 - 0.955），在外部验证组中的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.778（95%CI：0.601 - 0.955）。该列线图具有出色的区分度和校准度，在临床应用中显示出显著优势。
基于临床特征和多导睡眠图特征开发的本列线图可作为临床医生检测阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者嗅觉障碍的便捷工具，有助于患者分层和个性化治疗。
