Role of Rifaximin in the Prognosis of Critically Ill Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.

: Critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis impose a substantial health burden on the world. Rifaximin is a potential treatment option for such patients. : We extracted critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) IV database. Based on study outcomes, the current study included prevention and treatment cohorts. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to match the characteristics of patients. The risk of ICU admission and intensive care unit (ICU), in-hospital, 90-day, and 180-day death were explored. Cox regression analyses were conducted, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Kaplan-Meier curves were further drawn to demonstrate the cumulative 90-day and 180-day survival rate. : Overall, 5381 critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis were included. In the prevention cohort, rifaximin could decrease the risk of ICU admission (HR = 0.427, 95%CI: 0.338-0.539, < 0.001). In the treatment cohort, rifaximin could decrease the risk of ICU (HR = 0.530, 95%CI: 0.311-0.902, = 0.019) and in-hospital death (HR = 0.119, 95%CI: 0.033-0.429, = 0.001) in critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis. However, rifaximin could not decrease the risk of 90-day (HR = 0.905, 95%CI: 0.658-1.245, = 0.541) and 180-day (HR = 1.043, 95%CI: 0.804-1.353, = 0.751) death in critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis. Kaplan-Meier curve analyses also showed that rifaximin could not significantly decrease the 90-day ( = 0.570) and 180-day ( = 0.800) cumulative mortality. : This study suggests that rifaximin can significantly decrease the risk of ICU admission and improve short-term survival but does not impact long-term survival in critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis.