Weiner Ethan, Berryman Elizabeth, González Solís Ariadna, Shi Yuchen, Otegui Marisa S
Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
J Biol Chem. 2025 Mar 27;301(5):108465. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2025.108465.
Endocytosis and endosomal trafficking of plasma membrane proteins for degradation regulate cellular homeostasis and development. As part of these processes, ubiquitinated plasma membrane proteins (cargo) are recognized, clustered, and sorted into intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes by endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins. At endosomes, ESCRT proteins recognize ubiquitinated cargo and mediate the deformation of the endosomal membrane in a negative geometry, away from the cytosol. ESCRTs are organized in five major complexes that are sequentially recruited to the endosomal membrane where they mediate its vesiculation and cargo sequestration. ESCRTs also participate in other membrane remodeling events and are widely conserved across organisms, both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Plants contain both conserved and unique ESCRT components and show a general trend toward gene family expansion. Plant endosomes show a wide range of membrane budding patterns with potential implications in cargo sequestration efficiency, plant development, and hormone signaling. Understanding the diversification and specialization of plant ESCRT proteins can provide valuable insights in the mechanisms of ESCRT-mediated membrane bending. In this review, we discuss the endosomal function of ESCRT proteins, their unique features in plants, and the potential connections to the modes of plant endosomal vesiculation.
质膜蛋白的内吞作用和内体运输以进行降解，这一过程调节着细胞的稳态和发育。作为这些过程的一部分，泛素化的质膜蛋白（货物）被识别、聚集，并通过运输所需的内体分选复合物（ESCRT）蛋白分选到多泡内体的腔内小泡中。在内体中，ESCRT蛋白识别泛素化的货物，并以负几何形状介导内体膜远离细胞质的变形。ESCRT由五个主要复合物组成，它们依次被招募到内体膜上，在那里介导内体的囊泡化和货物隔离。ESCRT还参与其他膜重塑事件，并且在真核生物和原核生物等生物体中广泛保守。植物含有保守和独特的ESCRT成分，并且呈现出基因家族扩张的总体趋势。植物内体表现出广泛的膜出芽模式，这可能对货物隔离效率、植物发育和激素信号传导产生影响。了解植物ESCRT蛋白的多样化和特化，可为ESCRT介导的膜弯曲机制提供有价值的见解。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了ESCRT蛋白的内体功能、它们在植物中的独特特征，以及与植物内体囊泡化模式的潜在联系。
