Khoule Aliou, Ngom Déthié, Faye Mouhamet, Sene Ousseynou, Badji Aminata, Ndiaye Elhadji, Fall Gamou, Dia Ibrahima, Diallo Mawlouth, Diallo Diawo
Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
Pôle de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar 36, Dakar, Senegal.
Vet Med Sci. 2025 May;11(3):e70165. doi: 10.1002/vms3.70165.
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), a disease of medical and veterinary importance in several countries including Senegal, is transmitted by ticks or exposure to infected body fluids. Severe human cases of CCHF were recently observed across Senegal suggesting modification of the endemicity area and the tick fauna.
This study aims to investigate some aspects associated with the bioecology of ticks infesting livestock and their infection with CCHF virus (CCHFV) across three bioclimatic areas of Senegal.
Ticks were collected between October 2020 and November 2022, from randomly selected cattle, goats and sheep in the Sahelian, Sudano-Sahelian and Sudanian zones. They were screened for CCHFV RNA by RT-PCR.
A total of 3632 animals were examined, and 35.3% (95% CI: 33.8-36.9) were found tick-infested. The overall tick infestation rate was 81.7% (95% CI: 78.1-84.9) in cattle, 30.3% (95% CI: 28.2-32.5) in sheep and 24.1% (95% CI: 21.8-26.5) in goats. TIR differed per age, gender, host species and bioclimatic area. Overall, 7734 ticks belonging to 12 species and 3 genera were collected. The most abundant species included Rhipicephalus evertsi (32.7%) and Hyalomma impeltatum (20.1%). CCHFV was detected in 6 of the 1709 tested pools with an overall minimum infection rate (MIR) of 0.8‰. Infected ticks (H. impeltatum and H. rufipes) were collected mainly from the anogenital areas of sheep and cattle in the Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian zones.
These updated data on ticks and CCHFV vectors in Senegal will be useful for the prevention and control of tick-borne diseases.
克里米亚-刚果出血热（CCHF）在包括塞内加尔在内的多个国家是一种具有医学和兽医学重要性的疾病，通过蜱虫叮咬或接触受感染的体液传播。最近在塞内加尔各地观察到严重的人类CCHF病例，这表明该病的流行区域和蜱类区系发生了变化。
本研究旨在调查塞内加尔三个生物气候区中侵袭家畜的蜱虫生物生态学及其感染克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒（CCHFV）的一些相关情况。
在2020年10月至2022年11月期间，从萨赫勒、苏丹-萨赫勒和苏丹地区随机选取的牛、山羊和绵羊身上采集蜱虫。通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）对其进行CCHFV RNA筛查。
共检查了3632只动物，发现35.3%（95%置信区间：33.8 - 36.9）的动物身上有蜱虫寄生。牛的总体蜱虫寄生率为81.7%（95%置信区间：78.1 - 84.9），绵羊为30.3%（95%置信区间：28.2 - 32.5），山羊为24.1%（95%置信区间：21.8 - 26.5）。蜱虫寄生率因年龄、性别、宿主物种和生物气候区而异。总体而言，共采集到7734只蜱虫，分属于3个属12个物种。最常见的物种包括埃氏扇头蜱（32.7%）和边缘璃眼蜱（20.1%）。在1709个检测样本池中，有6个检测到CCHFV，总体最低感染率（MIR）为0.8‰。受感染的蜱虫（边缘璃眼蜱和红棕璃眼蜱）主要从萨赫勒和苏丹-萨赫勒地区绵羊和牛的肛门生殖器区域采集到。
这些关于塞内加尔蜱虫和CCHFV媒介的最新数据将有助于蜱传疾病的预防和控制。
