Humphray Jack, Hoxha Agron, Tomás Nery Eveliny, Berry Charlotte, Felipe-Sotelo Mónica, Wilkinson Holly, Hardman Matthew, Gutiérrez-Merino Jorge, Carta Daniela
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K.
School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K.
ACS Omega. 2025 Mar 17;10(11):10987-10996. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c09366. eCollection 2025 Mar 25.
This study investigates a series of phosphate-glass fibers (PGFs) in the system PO-CaO-MgO-NaO-FeO with various Fe contents (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt %) prepared via electrospinning of polyphosphate coacervate gels. This method is preferable over the traditional high-temperature melt-spinning technique used for PGF production as it represents a more cost-effective and sustainable route. Structural analysis performed via Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy shows that PGFs are mainly formed by polyphosphate chains containing Q and Q units. Thermal analysis demonstrates that the amorphous nature of the PGFs can be preserved up to calcination temperatures in the range 450-520 °C, with crystallization temperatures increasing with the iron content. Dissolution studies were performed by immersing the PGFs in deionized water and analyzing the species released (P, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Na) via microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy at regular intervals up to 72 hours (h). Results show that both iron and phosphate anion release increases with iron loading, suggesting that the phosphate network is weakened by an increasing amount of iron. Given that PGFs are particularly advantageous in wound healing due to their fibrous morphology, their cytocompatibility was assessed by seeding human keratinocytes (HaCaTs) in contact with the dissolution products of PGFs after 24 h of immersion at three different ratios of dissolution products to cell medium (1:100, 3:100, and 5:100). No cytotoxicity was observed for any of the ratios studied. Moreover, the dissolution products of some PGFs resulted in an enhanced growth of HaCaTs, with the best result being observed when using dissolution products from PGFs containing 0.1 wt % of Fe and a dissolution product-cell medium ratio of 5:100. Dissolution products from PGFs with an Fe content up to 0.5 wt % have also demonstrated antibacterial activity against the bacterium (). A preliminary test on the efficacy of PGFs in wound healing via studies on human skin has demonstrated that the PGFs in direct contact with the wound promote 84% wound closure.
本研究调查了通过静电纺丝制备的一系列PO-CaO-MgO-NaO-FeO体系中的磷酸盐玻璃纤维（PGF），其铁含量各不相同（0、0.1、0.5、1和2 wt%）。该方法优于用于生产PGF的传统高温熔融纺丝技术，因为它是一种更具成本效益和可持续性的途径。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱进行的结构分析表明，PGF主要由含有Q和Q单元的多磷酸盐链形成。热分析表明，PGF的非晶态性质在450-520°C范围内的煅烧温度下均可保持，且结晶温度随铁含量的增加而升高。通过将PGF浸入去离子水中并在长达72小时的定期时间内通过微波等离子体原子发射光谱分析释放的物质（P、Ca、Mg、Fe和Na）来进行溶解研究。结果表明，铁和磷酸根阴离子的释放均随铁负载量的增加而增加，这表明铁含量的增加会削弱磷酸盐网络。鉴于PGF因其纤维形态在伤口愈合中特别有利，通过以三种不同的溶解产物与细胞培养基比例（1:100、3:100和5:100）在浸泡24小时后将人角质形成细胞（HaCaTs）接种于与PGF溶解产物接触的方式来评估其细胞相容性。在所研究的任何比例下均未观察到细胞毒性。此外，一些PGF的溶解产物导致HaCaTs生长增强，当使用含0.1 wt%铁的PGF的溶解产物且溶解产物与细胞培养基比例为5:100时观察到最佳结果。铁含量高达0.5 wt%的PGF的溶解产物也已证明对该细菌具有抗菌活性。通过对人体皮肤的研究对PGF在伤口愈合中的功效进行的初步测试表明，与伤口直接接触的PGF可促进84%的伤口闭合。
