Gubbels Liam, Saffery Richard, Neeland Melanie R
Molecular Immunity Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2025 Apr;36(4):e70069. doi: 10.1111/pai.70069.
IgE-mediated food allergies are common and can be life-threatening, especially for children. With increasingly rapid advances in immunological technologies, including the ability to profile highly complex immune features from small sample volumes, our understanding of the immune mechanisms that underpin the development of food allergies continues to grow. This also extends to the immune mechanisms associated with the outcomes of oral immunotherapy (OIT). This review focuses on studies within the past 5 years related to immune signatures associated with food allergy in childhood, immune responses that determine reaction severities to offending allergens, immune alterations that occur during OIT in children, and immune effects of adjunct therapies including omalizumab, dupilumab, and abrocitinib. We conclude by providing a perspective on current evidence and directions for future research that will enable new prediction and screening tools and facilitate the development of effective curative strategies.
IgE介导的食物过敏很常见，且可能危及生命，对儿童而言尤其如此。随着免疫技术的飞速发展，包括能够从小样本量中分析高度复杂的免疫特征，我们对食物过敏发生发展背后的免疫机制的理解不断深入。这也延伸到了与口服免疫疗法（OIT）结果相关的免疫机制。本综述聚焦于过去5年中与儿童食物过敏相关的免疫特征、决定对致敏过敏原反应严重程度的免疫反应、儿童OIT期间发生的免疫改变，以及包括奥马珠单抗、度普利尤单抗和阿布昔替尼在内的辅助疗法的免疫效应的研究。我们通过对当前证据和未来研究方向的展望来结束本文，这些研究方向将催生新的预测和筛查工具，并推动有效治疗策略的发展。
