Rawlings S
Br J Psychiatry. 1985 Apr;146:358-66. doi: 10.1192/bjp.146.4.358.
The behaviour and self-help skills of mobile, severely or profoundly retarded adults with behaviour disorders, living in hospitals, were compared with those of a matched group in small homes outside hospital. The residents in the homes more often engaged in simple constructive activities. Although stereotypies were as common in the homes as the hospitals, in the former they were more likely to be combined with constructive pursuits. There were no differences between the groups in self-help skills. In the homes, the staff: resident ratios were higher and the staff had more autonomy in management and responsibility for organising their own services. The care practices in the homes were more resident-centred, and social contacts between staff and residents were more frequent. However, there was no evidence that, for this type of resident, placing a small home in a residential street had advantages over other geographical locations.
对居住在医院里有行为障碍的、可移动的重度或极重度智障成年人的行为和自助技能，与住在医院外小型之家的匹配组进行了比较。住在小型之家里的居民更常参与简单的建设性活动。虽然刻板行为在小型之家里和医院里一样常见，但在前者中，它们更有可能与建设性活动相结合。两组在自助技能方面没有差异。在小型之家里，工作人员与居民的比例更高，工作人员在管理上有更多自主权，并且负责组织自己的服务。小型之家里的护理做法更以居民为中心，工作人员与居民之间的社交接触更频繁。然而，没有证据表明，对于这类居民而言，将小型之家安置在住宅街道上比其他地理位置有优势。
