整合代谢组学和转录组学揭示三种柴胡属植物根中萜类化合物的差异及其分子基础。
Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal differences in terpenoids and the molecular basis among the roots of three Bupleurum species.
作者信息
Wen Dong, Ji Hongliang, Rong Mei, Liu Yang, Jiang Jiemei, Guo Xinwei, Gao Zhihui, Xu Yanhong, Wei Jianhe
机构信息
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, 570311, China.
出版信息
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Mar 31;25(1):403. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06441-w.
BACKGROUND
Radix Bupleuri is a popular traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Its root contains saikosaponin and volatile oil compounds with antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective pharmacological effects. However, there are differences in the content and type of main chemical components in the roots of three Bupleurum species: Bupleurum chinense DC. (Bchi), Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. (Bsco), and Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum (Wolff) Shan et Y.Li (Bmar). The molecular mechanism behind these differences is still unclear. The present study used integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses to uncover the differences in metabolites and expressed genes among the three Bupleurum species.
RESULTS
Metabolomics results revealed that Bmar contained more saikosaponins than Bchi and Bsco. Conversely, Bsco had the highest content of volatile oil monoterpenes but a lower sesquiterpene content than Bchi and Bmar. Transcriptome analysis showed that several genes were highly expressed in Bchi, Bsco, or Bmar, demonstrating the molecular mechanism responsible for the differences in their metabolic components. We combined the metabolomics and transcriptomics data to investigate the relationship between metabolites and genes. The results showed a high correlation between CYP450, UGT, and β-AS genes and 6''-acetyl-saikosaponins A, saikosaponins B1, C, and D. The subcellular localization of the two P450 genes (Bc087391 and Bc036879) in the endoplasmic reticulum suggests that they may be involved in saikosaponin biosynthesis.
CONCLUSION
We performed an integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis to investigate the diversity of the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway in three Bupleurum species. The study provides new insights into the molecular basis of the metabolic differences between the three Bupleurum species. It also serves as a theoretical basis for the clinical application and breeding of Bupleurum resources.
背景
柴胡是一种常见的传统中药材。其根部含有柴胡皂苷和挥发油类化合物，具有解热、抗炎和保肝等药理作用。然而，三种柴胡属植物：北柴胡（Bupleurum chinense DC.，Bchi）、狭叶柴胡（Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd.，Bsco）和窄竹叶柴胡（Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum (Wolff) Shan et Y.Li，Bmar）根部主要化学成分的含量和种类存在差异。这些差异背后的分子机制仍不清楚。本研究采用代谢组学和转录组学整合分析方法，揭示三种柴胡属植物之间代谢物和表达基因的差异。
结果
代谢组学结果显示，Bmar中的柴胡皂苷含量高于Bchi和Bsco。相反，Bsco的挥发油单萜含量最高，但倍半萜含量低于Bchi和Bmar。转录组分析表明，几个基因在Bchi、Bsco或Bmar中高表达，揭示了其代谢成分差异的分子机制。我们结合代谢组学和转录组学数据，研究代谢物与基因之间的关系。结果表明，CYP450、UGT和β-AS基因与6''-乙酰柴胡皂苷A、柴胡皂苷B1、C和D之间存在高度相关性。两个P450基因（Bc087391和Bc036879）在内质网中的亚细胞定位表明它们可能参与柴胡皂苷的生物合成。
结论
我们进行了转录组学和代谢组学整合分析，以研究三种柴胡属植物中萜类生物合成途径的多样性。该研究为三种柴胡属植物代谢差异的分子基础提供了新的见解。它也为柴胡资源的临床应用和育种提供了理论依据。
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