Song Jufang, Qiao Yongxuan, Liu Yihan
School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Mar 17;13:1523210. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1523210. eCollection 2025.
Rapid urbanization has led to a series of "urban diseases" that have garnered significant social attention. Among these, the urban heat island effect has emerged as one of the most pronounced environmental concerns, presenting formidable challenges for urban planning in terms of sustainable development and environmental livability. In this process, the construction of urban parks is particularly susceptible to discrepancies between supply and demand.
In this study, urban parks with an area of more than 3hm in the main urban area of Wuhan were selected as research objects. Utilizing remote sensing data and urban vector data, this study applied kernel density analysis and Thiessen polygons development to assess the supply capacity of parks' cold islands from a supply perspective, and the residents' cold island demand level index from a demand perspective.
The findings revealed that ① The spatial distribution of cold island supply and demand exhibited significant heterogeneity. High-supply units were strongly correlated with water body distribution, while high-demand units aligned closely with population density and POI density centers, displaying a "scattered overall, locally concentrated" pattern. ② A significant supply-demand mismatch in cold island effects was observed, with 19 units (accounting for approximately 40%) exhibiting insufficient supply relative to demand. These units were predominantly concentrated in areas with complex building environments, high population density, low vegetation coverage, and poor landscape connectivity.
Drawing on these results, the study established an interplay between supply and demand perspectives by applying the theory of locational entropy and proposed optimization strategy for urban parks in Wuhan, aiming to achieve "a match between supply and demand in cold islands" across varying equilibrium stages of the research units. Specific measures include: optimizing the scale and layout of existing parks, reserving green spaces for ecological restoration, strengthening the protection of blue-green ecological foundations, and establishing a blue-green cold island corridor network to enhance ecological connectivity. Our work extends the understanding of the cold island effect of urban parks, assisting urban planners in proposing more targeted and effective management strategy and measures to improve the urban thermal environment, thereby contributing to the creation of healthy, equitable, and sustainable cities.
快速城市化引发了一系列“城市病”，引起了社会的广泛关注。其中，城市热岛效应已成为最突出的环境问题之一，在可持续发展和环境宜居性方面给城市规划带来了巨大挑战。在此过程中，城市公园建设尤其容易出现供需失衡。
本研究选取武汉市主城区面积大于3hm²的城市公园作为研究对象。利用遥感数据和城市矢量数据，本研究应用核密度分析和泰森多边形法，从供给角度评估公园冷岛的供给能力，从需求角度评估居民冷岛需求水平指数。
研究结果表明：①冷岛供需的空间分布存在显著异质性。高供给单元与水体分布密切相关，而高需求单元与人口密度和POI密度中心紧密对齐，呈现出“整体分散、局部集中”的格局。②冷岛效应存在显著的供需不匹配，19个单元（约占40%）的供给相对于需求不足。这些单元主要集中在建筑环境复杂、人口密度高、植被覆盖率低和景观连通性差的地区。
基于这些结果，本研究应用区位熵理论建立了供需视角之间的相互作用，并提出了武汉市城市公园的优化策略，旨在在研究单元的不同平衡阶段实现“冷岛供需匹配”。具体措施包括：优化现有公园的规模和布局，预留生态修复绿地，加强蓝绿生态基底保护，建立蓝绿冷岛廊道网络以增强生态连通性。我们的工作扩展了对城市公园冷岛效应的理解，有助于城市规划者提出更具针对性和有效性的管理策略和措施，以改善城市热环境，从而为创建健康、公平和可持续的城市做出贡献。
